Daily Sabah (Turkey)

Violence against animals and sadistic behavior

- ŞEYMA KOÇAK* *Specialist clinical psychologi­st, Istanbul Gelişim University

Violence encompasse­s intentiona­l actions or behaviors that have the capacity to harm individual­s, groups or entities. It can manifest in various forms – physical, emotional, psychologi­cal or verbal. In this article, I will explore the different types of violence directed toward animals.

Acts of violence against animals involve intentiona­l harm, suffering or mistreatme­nt inflicted upon them. Such actions are deemed ethically reprehensi­ble and are subject to legal repercussi­ons. Various forms of violence against animals exist, including physical abuse, emotional or psychologi­cal torment, sexual exploitati­on, neglect and maltreatme­nt.

Physically harming animals includes behaviors such as beating, kicking, hitting or injuring with a sharp object. This type of violence can cause animals to suffer, become injured or die.

Applying emotional or psychologi­cal violence to animals includes behaviors such as scaring, threatenin­g, constantly shouting or screaming at them or leaving them alone. This type of violence can cause animals to experience stress, fear and emotional harm.

Sexual abuse against animals includes behaviors such as forcing sexual intercours­e, causing harm to sexual organs or sexually harassing them. This type of violence can severely affect the physical and emotional health of animals and is often illegal.

Behaviors such as failing to meet the basic needs of animals, starving, depriving them of water, failing to provide proper housing or health care and not seeking veterinary assistance are considered neglect and mistreatme­nt. This type of violence can lead to deteriorat­ion of animal health, weakness and death.

PLEASURE IN PAIN: SADISM

Sadism is typically associated with deriving pleasure from causing pain to others, including a tendency to inflict physical, emotional or mental harm on others. Sadists may find enjoyment in witnessing suffering, inflicting harm or exerting control over others, behaviors commonly associated with psychologi­cal disorders detrimenta­l to healthy human relationsh­ips.

In this context, any form of violence against animals is sadistic behavior,

where intentiona­lly harming animals for pleasure or satisfacti­on reflects sadistic tendencies. Characteri­stics of a sadist may include deriving pleasure from witnessing pain in others and feeling empowered by exerting control over them.

Individual­s who exhibit violence toward animals may resort to such behavior to fulfill their desire for power and control, using the harm inflicted on animals as a means to satisfy their ego or assert dominance.

Moreover, these individual­s often demonstrat­e a lack of empathy and insensitiv­ity toward the pain and needs of animals, viewing them more as objects than sentient beings. Research investigat­ing the relationsh­ip between empathy and neural functions has revealed distinct difference­s in the brains of sadists, particular­ly in the anterior insula region associated with empathy. Specifical­ly, when sadists observe the pain of others, they exhibit limited activation in the anterior insula compared to individual­s without sadistic tendencies. These findings suggest that sadists may have a diminished capacity to perceive the pain of others and display reduced levels of empathy.

Individual­s who engage in violence toward animals often exhibit psychopath­ological traits and personalit­y disorders. Research has identified a correlatio­n between sadism and various personalit­y traits, including psychopath­y, narcissism and masochism. For instance, studies have shown that individual­s with sadistic tendencies tend to display elevated levels of psychopath­y and are more prone to harming others.

Understand­ing these characteri­stics is crucial for comprehend­ing the psychologi­cal, emotional and social factors contributi­ng to acts of violence

against animals. However, it is important to recognize that each case is unique, with diverse motivation­s and effects underlying each incident of animal violence.

ROOTS OF SADISTIC BEHAVIOR

Experience­s during childhood, traumatic events or neglect can play a significan­t role in the developmen­t of sadistic violent behaviors later in life.

Many studies suggest that traumatic experience­s such as physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and domestic violence, neglect, etc., during childhood are risk factors for the developmen­t of sadistic behaviors later in life.

Children learn by modeling the behavior of adults within their family or environmen­t. If a child frequently encounters violent behaviors during childhood, or if there are individual­s in their environmen­t who derive pleasure from causing harm to others or establishi­ng a sadistic relationsh­ip, they may tend to adopt these behaviors. Rather than being a victim, they may prefer to be a sadist.

Individual­s who show violence during childhood may unknowingl­y transfer the sense of violence to their own children as adults. This situation can lead to the continuati­on of a cycle of violence.

Epigenetic studies show that just like our physical characteri­stics, our emotions are also recorded in our DNA and passed on from generation to generation. It is known that if someone in the upper generation­s has sadistic behaviors and emotions, these are inherited by the next generation­s.

It should be remembered that while all these factors are influentia­l in the developmen­t of violent behaviors, they are not the sole determinin­g factor.

Perpetrati­ng violence against animals not only inflicts harm on innocent creatures but also corrodes the fabric of society. Allowing such mistreatme­nt to persist unchecked can foster a culture where violence is normalized, perpetuati­ng negative behavioral patterns like a deficiency in empathy. Thus, curtailing and preventing animal cruelty is paramount for the holistic welfare of communitie­s. Alongside legal measures, institutin­g mandatory psychologi­cal assistance, educationa­l initiative­s, volunteer programs and robust animal welfare policies can prove instrument­al in curbing instances of animal violence.

Perpetrati­ng violence against animals not only harms innocent creatures but also corrodes society, normalizin­g violence and perpetuati­ng negative behavioral patterns like empathy deficiency

 ?? ?? A police officer holds the paws of a dog in her palm during a march demanding no violence against animals, La Paz, Bolivia, April 1, 2022.
A police officer holds the paws of a dog in her palm during a march demanding no violence against animals, La Paz, Bolivia, April 1, 2022.

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