Breakthrough treatment helps paralysed patients walk
tokyo — A breakthrough treatment involving electrical stimulation of the spine has enabled paralysed patients to walk again, apparently reactivating nerve connections and providing hope for people even years after accidents.
A team including neurosurgeons and engineers used targeted electrical pulses to achieve the results, triggering individual muscles in a sequence, the way the brain would.
The pulses are produced by an implant placed over the spine in careful alignment with areas that control the muscles in the lower body. And so far, the results are promising.
“This clinical trial has given me hope,” said Gert-Jan Oskam, 35, who was told he would never walk again after a traffic accident in 2011. After five months of treatment, he can now walk short distances even without the help of electrical stimulation. It’s the culmination of “more than a decade of careful research,” Gregoire Courtine, a neuroscientist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology who helped lead the research, said.
Previous trials have used socalled continuous electrical stimulation of the spine, which produced less impressive results in humans.
After months of training with the targeted pulses, “our three participants were able to activate their previously paralysed muscles without electrical stimulation,” said Courtine. “The result was completely unexpected,” he added, in a video released with the publication of the research in on Thursday. “They could even take a few steps overground without any support, hands-free. For me seeing this recovery was amazing.”
Footage from the study shows clearly the way the targeted stimulation differs from the continuous pulses. With the targeted stimulation, a patient walks in an almost ordinary fashion, his feet rolling down and up as he steps.
The continuous stimulation, by contrast, produces jerkier movement, with his feet dragging and unbalancing him.
And the targeted pulsing, combined with a programme of extensive physiotherapy, was apparently able to reactivate nerve connections that became dormant when patients were injured.
David Mzee, 28, suffered full paralysis of his left leg after an accident in 2010, but after the fivemonth programme, he can walk for up to two hours with a walker using electrical stimulation, or take steps over shorter distances by himself.
The stimulation begins with a pulse directed at a muscle to prompt the patient to begin movement, for example a step.
Sensors at the feet detect the movement as the initial phase of a step and send additional targeted pulses to trigger the muscle movements required to complete the step, and repeat it.