NEW TEMPLE, NEW MOSQUE IN AYODHYA
Rajmohan Gandhi writes on ways to heal frayed Muslim-Hindu ties in India.
Even as a five-judge bench of the Indian Supreme Court seems ready to hear the case about the Ayodhya site where the Babri Mosque (said to have built in the 1520s) was demolished in December 1992, the central government has asked the Court to release from its custody lands surrounding the site so that construction of a Ram temple can begin there.
With good reason, this Ayodhya question has been linked to the parliamentary elections that are due before May. The question should however be examined in a broader perspective. In fact, we should ask even at this late stage whether or not statesmanship and a spirit of give-andtake can produce a settlement.
The bare bones of a settlement are not hard to identify. One, the Hindu side admits the error in demolishing the mosque. Two, the Indian state admits its failure to prevent the demolition. Three, the Muslim side acknowledges the Hindu community’s wish to see a Ram temple rise on the site as also the Hindu community’s belief that a temple had once stood where the Babri Masjid was built. Four, not far from the site, and yet not too close to it, space for a new mosque is made available by the Hindu side and the Indian state.
If necessary, the four steps can be simultaneous. In this dream-like scenario, acknowledgment of wrongdoing and restitution leads to justice as well as reconciliation.
Passions, politics and pressures may produce a Ram temple anyway, with or without a Supreme Court order. If such a temple emerges without an admission of the wrongfulness of the demolition, the HinduMuslim divide will deepen and Muslim fears will intensify.
Also, the new temple, no matter how grand, may rest on shaky foundations. Parents may tell their children: ‘See that glittering temple over there? It was built with deceit and force. First a great lie was spread that a Ram idol had mysteriously appeared inside the mosque when in fact it was surreptitiously inserted. Forty-three years later, the mosque was demolished despite repeated pledges to courts and the world that it would not be touched.’
People will say to themselves: ‘Lord Ram was known for saying that life may be sacrificed but one’s word must be kept. He was loved and honoured for that statement. Is this a temple for that Ram?’
In their 2012 study of the demolition’s history, researchers Krishna Jha and Dhirendra K. Jha detail the idol insertion of 1949 as also the persistent effort of Swami Akshay Brahmachari, an eye-witness, to bring that pre-dawn insertion to public knowledge. A fearless believer in Hindu-Muslim friendship, the Swami lived until 2010.
In 1949, the carefully planned placement of the idol was portrayed as a miracle. Though K. K. K. Nayar, the region’s deputy commissioner, was sympathetic to the insertion and refused to undo it, he conceded in a letter to the UP government that ‘the installation of the idol in the mosque has certainly been an illegal act’.
Nayar’s observation was quoted by P. V. Narasimha Rao in his 2006 book on the demolition.2 In 1949, Nayar (who became a Jan Sangh MP in 1967, from Bahraich in UP) claimed that he was helpless before the illegal installation. Similarly, Rao, who was the prime minister when the 1992 demolition occurred, said in his 2006 book and to Parliament in 1992 that he was helpless before the demolition.
We are now in February 2019. Ignoring history can be convenient but erasing it does not seem possible. Yet it is not impossible for a nation to come together to address the past’s mistakes.
Will Ayodhya’s disputing sides voluntarily come together as I have imagined? Very unlikely. But the Supreme Court can direct them to do so.
We have to rebuild our society, return it to some civility. We have to restore Hindu-Muslim relations. We have to become respectable in the world. Indians have to recover pride in their country’s lawfulness.
History’s facts cannot be scratched out. What happened in Ayodhya in the 1520s, in 1949 and in 1992 cannot be changed. But yesterday’s follies can be admitted and consigned to the past. They should not be allowed to burn our todays and tomorrows.
A new temple and a new mosque rising as a result of a Supreme Court direction for justice and reconciliation would lift everyone’s spirits. At this testing time, the Supreme Court may be in a position to add significantly to India’s peace and India’s honour.
We have to rebuild our society, return it to some civility. We have to become respectable in the world. Indians have to recover pride in their country’s lawfulness.