War over for Aleppo … so when can citizens rebuild their lives?
The “I Love Aleppo” monument in Saadallah Al Jaberi square would seem more at home in the hills of California than in the centre of the Syrian city.
Its bright, bold lettering is a symbol of the city’s once internationalist, commercial identity.
After so many years of fighting, Aleppo – once at the crossroads of the most important trade routes in the world – is no longer a war zone, but it is as isolated as it has ever been.
A year on from the city’s recapture from rebels by government forces, the city is stuck in economic purgatory.
Many who fled are too afraid to return and those who have gone back find rebuilding hindered by extensive financial sanctions on the country.
International financial transactions are blocked, bank accounts abroad are frozen and doctors complain that medicine cannot be imported.
In the university, research projects are cancelled because funding, although granted, is inaccessible.
Yet under the auspices of President Bashar Al Assad’s government, life is slowly returning to a city often seen as the economic heartland of Syria.
The sounds of rebuilding are heard in the horns of taxis and the deafening power saws of dusty labourers in the Christian neighbourhood of Al Jadideh.
The Syrian patriarchy is not short of money and churches are being rebuilt at an impressive rate across the country.
But most people have neither the means, nor the money to rebuild their lives and it was the opposition areas hit by the regime’s aerial bombardment that suffered the most extensive damage.
Government efforts appear limited to symbolic gestures such as the rebuilding of the Umayyad Mosque, funded by the Chechen government, or areas where the population is staunchly loyal to the regime.
“It’s just for show,” Hamza Al Khoury, a student, tells The National.
Wael Muzayek, a businessman who works between London and Aleppo, finds even the
simplest of transactions complicated.
“Sometimes I have to travel to Beirut just to receive money, other times I can’t import equipment,” Mr Muzayek said. “If there is no equipment I cannot employ people. It’s killing business.”
A serious challenge facing the regime-held areas of Syria is the mass departure of its people, especially the young and educated. From a total pre-war population of 2 million, hundreds of thousands have decided to make new lives elsewhere.
The migration, combined with the deaths of thousands in the war has left the country with a severely depleted workforce. an economic newsletter, noted this week that women now outnumber men in the labour market by four to one.
Some insist many fled only because of the violence and fighting but many have not returned despite fighting in Aleppo ending more than a year ago.
A semblance of stability in Aleppo hasn’t been enough to entice them back. Even officials closely allied with the regime acknowledge that some reforms will be necessary to attract people back.
Speaking at a community meeting in Aleppo, the city’s Grand Mufti hinted at the changes, although he avoided any specifics.
“We need reforms to get these people back,” he said. “There is corruption in the state and in the church, but do you stop corruption with more corruption?”
Angela Farmby, an English teacher from Liverpool who has lived with her Syrian husband in Aleppo on and off since 1971, said: “People are very angry here. The war is over. It’s time to get behind the government. Stop punishing the people in the hospitals and the universities. Assad is not going anywhere.”
Easing sanctions to help Aleppo rebuild would require a major change in policy from western nations who consider Mr Al Assad’s departure from power essential to bringing lasting peace to the country.
Michael Stephens, a research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, said easing the blockade would be tantamount to accepting Mr Al Assad’s rule.
“It’s 100 per cent an endorsement of Al Assad and an enabler for corruption,” he said. “Reconstruction is unfortunately the buzzword but it’s simply a chance for people to get their hands on more money while doing a little bit to help.”
One Syrian who fled the city in February 2014 and secured asylum in the UK told
that he did not see how he could go home.
“The regime is definitely a fear,” he said. “There’s a lack of trust.”
Last month an opposition website published a list of 1.5 million names of those wanted by the regime. Many of them had fled overseas.
The man who fled did not want to be named for fear of recriminations against his family still in Syria. Even if his security was guaranteed, he feels the lack of opportunities is also keeping him from going home.
“It’s difficult to create employment opportunities,” he said. “It is almost impossible to secure a decent life.”
With no prospect of sanctions being lifted or the popular revolution that many hoped for, the people of Aleppo seeking to rebuild under the Assad regime will have to do it on their own.