Everything you need to know about this election

Turkey heads to the polls on Sunday to vote in presidential and parliamentary elections on the same day for the first time in its history. The elections come two years after a failed military coup to oust President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

Mr Erdogan called the vote in April, originally slated for November next year, saying that Turkey needed to “overcome uncertainty”, with the economy on a downward trajectory, and citing diseases of the country’s current political system. Critics say he called the vote for his own political gain. The vote will herald a switch to a powerful executive presidency, which was narrowly approved by a referendum last year.

Mr Erdogan’s main challenger is Muharrem Ince of the secular-leaning Republican People’s Party (CHP), a former physics teacher.

The Turkish president’s key Kurdish rival, People’s Democratic Party (HDP) leader Selahattin Demirtas, is campaigning from a prison cell where he has been held on terrorism charges regarding alleged links to Kurdish militants.

Former interior minister Meral Aksener is bidding to become Turkey’s first female president as the leader of a new nationalist political party known as Iyi, or “Good”.

Polls suggest that the outcome remains too close to predict, with Mr Erdogan needing more than 50 per cent of the presidential vote to secure re-election outright. But a Bloomberg survey showed Mr Ince at 30.1 per cent of the vote, Mr Demirtas at 10.5 per cent and Ms Askener on 8 per cent. Any increase for those candidates on election day could result in a run-off vote, which would be held on July 8.

Mr Erdogan remains the favourite to win but his ruling Justice and Development Party could lose its parliamentary majority if the opposition performs as expected and Mr Demirtas’s HDP party surpasses the 10 per cent electoral threshold to enter parliament.

There are 56.3 million Turks who are eligible to vote, including three million voters in other countries who have already had the chance to cast their ballots.

About 181,000 ballot boxes will be in place for the vote across the country. Polls will open at 8am and close at 5pm.