HELL0, THIS IS YOUR AI CAPTAIN SPEAKING ...
▶ Artificial intelligence is set to bring revolutionary changes to air travel
Aerospace and innovation have gone handin-hand since the days of Orville and Wilbur Wright.
Aircraft were once simple metal tubes powered by propellers. Long-haul flying meant four engines and at least three pilots on the flight deck at all times.
Today, aircraft require only two pilots and are built mostly of carbon composites. Even on the longest routes – more than 17 hours – regulators permit airlines to fly with only two engines. Given the inexorable nature of technological evolution, it seems logical to expect that soon only a single pilot will be required.
And beyond that, given the advent of driverless technology on the ground and unmanned aircraft above, could pilotless commercial airliners be far off?
A range of companies, from aerospace giants such as Boeing and Airbus to tiny startups, are working on various aspects of a difficult puzzle: how to create the next generation of air travel – the one where pilots are far less ubiquitous and an array of new flying vehicles communicate with each other. And, more importantly, how to make that world as safe as the one we have now.
“It is not as complicated as it sounds and it is not as dangerous as it sounds,” says Elpert Hodge, executive vice president of M2C Aerospace, a US startup working on a flight system for single-pilot commercial aircraft operations.
The start-up hopes to meet airlines’ desire to cut costs and address a pilot shortage that has already curtailed air service in some regions. The technology to achieve this is likely to be available soon. The comfort level of regulators and average citizens will almost certainly lag behind.
“How do we maintain levels of safety that we enjoy today … when you’ve got an artificial intelligence-based system in the cockpit?” Greg Hyslop, Boeing’s chief technology officer, said recently.
“How do you show and certify that to be safe to the point where the flying public would say: ‘Yes, I trust that.’”
Airlines are reluctant to even broach the topic, given how passengers may react to being one stricken pilot away from an empty cockpit. Even less so when it comes to fully automatic aircraft: “It’s certainly not anything that American is working on or trying to make happen,” Doug Parker, chief executive of the world’s largest airline, American Airlines, said of autonomous aircraft at an industry forum last month. “The comfort [pilots] provide is not something that most consumers are going to want to forego.”
But for the air-cargo industry, where package containers don’t require safety assurances, the prospect of single-pilot operations – and eventually autonomous flight – holds a definite appeal, especially in areas where air cargo growth may outpace pilot supply.
“Clearly for transporting cargo, you could see autonomous aircraft,” Mr Hyslop says. “It’s going to be much longer, if ever, if we’d see that for passenger travel though.” That doesn’t matter to Wall Street, however. Analysts are already counting the billions of dollars in savings airlines could reap by culling humans.
“Long-haul commercial flights could see reduced cockpit crews from 2023, shortly after cargo planes,” analysts at UBS wrote. They estimated a profit potential of $15 billion for flying with a single pilot and $35bn if aircraft were to fly themselves.
None of this is as far-fetched as it might seem. Adoption of new technology in aviation has risen significantly over the past few years, according to the UBS report. The analysts conceded, though, that they expect “consumer acceptance to be a challenge.” Surveys by the bank found 63 per cent of people oppose flying in a pilotless aircraft, while only 52 per cent were averse to single-pilot planes.
But then again, what did people think of autonomous cars just a few years ago?
A key component of airline automation will be AI. As the technology spreads into more areas, from cars to factories to electronics, more consumers are apt to grow comfortable with it.
“There is a percentage of millennials who have no problem with that,” says Mr Hodge, a former pilot. “So as much as you can demonstrate the safety of it, that’s what brings the public along.”
Throw in some cost savings, and safety concerns begin to dissipate: the same UBS survey found that 50 per cent more people would fly in a single-pilot aircraft if it offered a ticket discount.
Pilots associations, however, while not having an official position on the idea, are aghast.
“Having anything less than two [pilots] is inviting catastrophe,” says Lee Collins, president of the Coalition of Airline Pilots’ Associations, which represents more than 30,000 pilots, including those at American and UPS.
“This technology is neither mature nor proven yet to the extent that it can ensure safety,” Mr Collins says, adding that autonomous piloting systems are “a terrorist hijacker’s absolute dream come true”.
Tim Canoll, president of the Air Line Pilots’ Association, the largest US pilot union, echoed his concerns in a recent column: “Single-piloted operations should be totally unacceptable to the American public because they are unsafe”.
Mr Hodge, however, is certain change is coming. “Aviation is getting there,” he says.
“It’s not if, it’s when.”
For cargo, you could see autonomous aircraft. It’s going to be much longer, if ever, if we’d see that for passenger travel though GREG HYSLOP Boeing chief technology officer