1- Nadia Kaneva,

"Nation Branding: Toward an Agenda for Critical Research", International Journal of Communication: Vol. 5,2011, p.126 2- Orville Schell, “China’s Cover-Up”, Foreign Affairs: Vol.97, No.1, January/February 2018, pp.25-27 3- Fang Lizhi, "The Chinese Amnesia", The New York Times Review of Books, September 1990, accessible at: https://goo.gl/LNd8zn 4- Taner Akçam, "Facing History: Denial and the Turkish National Security Concept", in: Rene Provost, Payam Akhavan )eds.(, “ Confronting

Genocide” )New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2011(, p.152 5- Nikita Petrov, "Don’t Speak, Memory", Foreign Affairs: Vol.97, No.1, January/February 2018, pp.17-19

6- Ibid, p.18 7- Cori Wielenga, “Rwanda & South Africa: a Long Road From Truth to Reconciliation”, The Conversation, April 6,2017, accessible at: https://

goo.gl/CnbPQ3 8- Dennis F. Kinsey, Myojung Chung, "National Image of South Korea: Implications for Public Diplomacy”, Exchange: The Journal of Public

Diplomacy: Vol.4, No.1, 2013, p.2 9- Jon Coaffee, Peter van Ham, "‘Security Branding’: The role of Security in Marketing the City, Region or State", Place Branding and Public Diplomacy: Vol.4, No. 3, August 2008, p.193

10- Orville Schell, Op.Cit, pp.25-26 11- Richard J. Evans, "From Nazism to Never Again", Foreign Affairs: Vol.97, No.1, January/February 2018, p.13 12- Cori Wielenga, "Healing and reconciliation after violent conflict: the role of memory in South Africa and Rwanda", Acta Academica: Vol.45,

No.1, 2013, pp.220-222 13- Catherine Lu, "Shame, Guilt and Reconciliation after War", European Journal of Social Theory: Vol.11, No. 3, August 2008, p.371 14- أمل مختار، "المنظور المتكامل: مناهج الإصلاح المؤسسي في مراحل التغيير السياسي"، ملحق اتجاهات نظرية، )السياسة الدولية: العدد 194، أكتوبر 2013(، ص21

15- Sisonke Msimang, "All Is Not Forgiven", Foreign Affairs: Vol.97, No.1, January/February 2018, pp.30 -31 16- مروة نظير، "الاستراتيجيات الهجين: الأجيال المتعاقبة لمفهوم وتطبيقات العدالة الانتقالية"، مرجع سابق، ص5 17- Phil Clark, "Rwanda’s Recovery: When Remembrance Is Official Policy", Foreign Affairs: Vol.97, No.1, January/February 2018, p.38 18- Martina Fischer, "Recovering from Violent Conflict: Regeneration and Re-Integration as Elements of Peacebuilding", Berghof Research

Center for Constructive Conflict Management, August 2004, p.4, accessible at: https://goo.gl/BaScmc 19- Phil Clark, Op.Cit., p.38 20- Janna Thompson, "Is Political Apology a Sorry Affair?", Social & Legal Studies: Vol.21, No.2, 2012, p.222