Hero or villain?

Admired and reviled in equal measure, was Britain’s first female Prime Minister a heartless Iron Lady or revolutionary reformer?

What is the lasting legacy of Margaret Thatcher?

Almost 30 years since she was last in power, Margaret Thatcher remains a divisive figure in Britain. Some see the Prime Minister as having saved the country from economic decline, others believe she destroyed the livelihoods of millions of workers. Neither side can deny that Thatcher became a icon in her own lifetime through sheer force of cast-iron will.

Born Margaret Roberts in 1925, she grew up living above her parents’ grocery shop in Grantham, Lincolnshire. Her childhood was comfortable, but a far cry from the aristocratic origins of many Conservative leaders and Prime Ministers. But the influence of her father’s role in local politics and her own self-belief were to change all that.

Displaying an early determination for hard work and self-betterment, she won a scholarship to the local grammar school. From there, she went on study chemistry at Oxford, where she also became one of the first women presidents of the university’s Conservative association.

After graduating 1947, she worked as a research chemist. In 1951, she married wealthy industrialist Denis Thatcher, who supported her political ambitions. But her rise to power was far from meteoric. Her first two attempts to become a Member of Parliament (MP) failed. From 1952, Thatcher even put politics aside for a time, first to train as a barrister, then to have children.

When she was finally elected in 1959, she was one of just 25 women MPS out of 630 in the House of Commons. Post-war British politics remained a boy’s club and she routinely faced prejudice, not just from the Conservative Party rank and file, but the leadership. Though she was a proven orator, only a number of low-key junior ministerial roles followed. Undeterred, she bided her time.

Her big break came in 1970 when she was appointed as Prime Minister Edward Heath’s Secretary of State for Education. Contrary to her reputation as a Conservative ideologue, she rapidly expanded the roll out of comprehensive schools established by the previous Labour government, which were aimed at ensuring rigorous education for working-class children. However, Thatcher also abolished free milk for school children over seven years old, leading political opponents to label her ‘Mrs Thatcher, milk snatcher’ – a soubriquet that would stay with her for the rest of her career.

With the British political turmoil of the 1970s, labour unrest and a lack of confidence in the leadership of Edward Heath, Thatcher was thrust into a leadership challenge. She seized the opportunity and, against the expectations of many,