Q&A

What was the vote about?

The referendum asked if voters wanted independence for Catalonia. The wealthy region of north-east Spain has its own language and culture and has some autonomous powers but its separatist government wants full independence from Madrid.

Is there majority support for independence?

A public survey in July found 49 per cent were opposed to independence, with 41 per cent in favour. But loyalist parties boycotted yesterday’s referendum, so the result was expected to back independence.

Why are some Catalans pushing for independence?

The regional government argues that it contributes more to the Spanish government than it receives in support and state investment, and that it would benefit from independence. There has been a rift between Catalonia and Madrid for centuries. In 1931, when Spain became a republic, Catalonia was given greater political autonomy. But following the

Spanish Civil War, this was revoked by the military dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, and during his rule from 1939-1975, Catalan culture was heavily suppressed.

What does the Spanish government think?

Spain’s constitution states that the country is indivisible and the government in Madrid is strongly opposed to independence for Catalonia. Unionists say the region already has broad autonomy, with other regions such as Galicia and the Basque Country.

Was the vote illegal?

The Spanish government ruled that the result would not be recognised. Its decision was backed by the country’s constitutional court. Ten million ballot papers have been impounded and chief public prosecutor Jose Manuel Maza has suggested Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont could be charged with civil disobedience, abuse of office and misuse of public funds.

What happens next?

Under legislation approved by the Catalan parliament last month, the result is binding and a declaration of independence has to take place within 4 hours of a Yes vote. But Mr Puigdemont said a unilateral declaration of independence was not an option – and Madrid will not recognise the referendum result.