WHEN TO ASK THE DOCTOR…

Disc protrusion or herniated disc

This is relatively common, particularly in the lower back.

Herniation is where there is damage to the cushioning (discs) and connective tissue between vertebra.

Symptoms might include numbness, tingling skin and motor changes such as muscular weakness and slow reflexes.

Often with herniation in the lumbar region, the patient may experience sciatica, where the pain radiates down the leg due to irritation of the sciatic nerve.

Spondylosis or degenerative arthritis

This often occurs with age, as well as from wear and tear on the spinal discs and vertebra.

The intervertebral discs or vertebra undergo degenerative changes, causing the disc to fail at cushioning the vertebrae or a vertebra to collapse, making the spine fall out of alignment. The space between the affected vertebra becomes narrow, resulting in compression and irritation of the nerves.

Spinal stenosis

This can happen when the spinal canal narrows, placing pressure on the nerves that travel down the spine.

It is mainly seen in the neck or lower back and is caused by ageing and wear and tear, as well as changes to the spine due to osteoarthritis.

Some people may have no symptoms but others can experience tingling, difficulty walking and limb weakness or back pain.

Sometimes back pain can be a sign of a more serious injury or condition, especially if it doesn’t clear up in a few weeks. So it is always worth consulting your doctor in case it is an issue that needs medical treatment.