Chronic fatigue syndrome

What is it?

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) causes persistent fatigue that affects everyday life and doesn’t go away with sleep or rest. CFS is also known as ME, myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Who’s affected?

It’s estimated around 250,000 people in the UK have CFS and it’s more common in women than men. It usually develops in the early 20s to mid-40s. Children can also be affected, usually between the ages of 13 and 15.

How does it affect quality of life?

Most cases of CFS are mild or moderate, but up to one in four people have severe symptoms.

■ mild – you can care for yourself, but may need days off work.

■ moderate – you may have reduced mobility and your symptoms can vary; you may also have disturbed sleep patterns.

■ severe – you can only carry out minimal daily tasks, such as brushing your teeth. You have significantly reduced mobility, and may also struggle to concentrate.

Why does it happen?

The exact cause isn’t known but it could be due to a viral or bacterial infection, problems with the immune system, an imbalance of hormones, or psychiatric problems such as stress and emotional trauma.

How is it diagnosed?

There are guidelines issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence about the diagnosis and management of CFS. Seeking a diagnosis should be considered if your fatigue can’t be explained by other conditions – and if you also have other symptoms, such as sleeping problems.

What’s the treatment?

It will be tailored specifically to you and can include cognitive behavioural therapy, an exercise programme called graded exercise therapy, and medication to control pain, nausea and sleeping problems.