Memory loss

Memory loss is not synonymous with dementia.

What is it? Memory loss (amnesia) happens when a person loses the ability to remember information and events they’d normally be able to recall.

Should you see your GP? If you’re worried that you or someone you know has lost their memory, see your GP. They’ll do an assessment and ask questions about symptoms, family history and lifestyle.

Is it always dementia? Around 40% of people over 65 have some type of memory problem and that’s considered normal. Only 15% of them will develop dementia. With dementia, the memory loss gets gradually worse over time. The person will struggle to remember recent events, but can still recall events from a long time ago.

What are the causes? People who have memory loss, other than those who have dementia, are most likely to have anxiety, stress or depression. Their memory loss is a result of poor concentration, and sleeping problems can also make it worse.

Other causes of memory loss are: a head injury or a stroke, which cuts off some of the blood supply to the brain and causes brain tissue to die.

Less common causes are: an underactive thyroid, certain types of medication, long-term alcohol misuse, vitamin B1 deficiency or a brain tumour.

Treating memory loss Treatment depends on the cause. Memory loss from medications may resolve with a change in medication.

Treating depression may be helpful for memory if it’s a factor.

After a stroke, therapy may help the patient to remember how to do certain tasks, such as walking or tying shoes.

Drugs are available to treat memory problems related to Alzheimer’s disease.

Drugs to help lower blood pressure can help reduce risk of more brain damage from dementia related to high blood pressure.