CENTRE-LOIRE

The pulsing heart of an exciting region

Visit the Centre-Loire in spring and you will likely meet winemakers whose heart is beating at one with the vines, their restless sleep alert to the possibility of nightmarish frosts. As threatening as this might sound, their anxiety is only the darker side of the region’s fundamental beauty - the lives of men and women shaped by the rhythms of nature and by the growing cycles of their vineyards.

While being part of the larger Loire region - certainly one of the wine world’s most diverse, distinct and innovative the Centre-Loire has a character very much of its own within the larger context of its parent boundaries. Different geology, portfolio of varieties and wine styles shape this singularity, as does the grit, resilience and passion of its producers.

Each vintage is a landmark of symbiotic achievement of vine and men; each wine stamped by the place, time, and winemaker that crafted it; each life event experienced through the lenses of the growing season. “The year my first child was born was a frost vintage…” is a parallel you will likely hear when sharing a glass of wine and a Crottin de Chavignol with one of the local producers.

AT THE VERY CENTRE

Drive 200 km southbound from Paris, or roughly 500 km eastwards from the point where the Loire meets the Atlantic, to find the eight AOCs that form the Centre-Loire. This location, at France’s exact geographical centre and roughly halfway between the river’s source and mouth, could not be more symbolic; a region at the core of its country’s winemaking history and heritage, defined by its unique landscape and people.

With 5,964 hectares of vineyards, 80% of which planted to the flagship variety Sauvignon Blanc, a mosaic of different soils brings diversity and expressiveness to the wines. Limestone and clay dominate the three main geologic profiles which can often be seen on labels: Terres Blanches, based on calcareous marine sediments and rich in fossils, known to produce the most structured and age-worthy wines; Caillotes, shallow limestone soils (also known as Griottes when the stone units are smaller), yield the most delicate, aromatic and approachable wines; Silex, the distinct flinty soils whose heat retention ability leads to early ripening and whose mineral content produce wines of trademark smokiness.

The eight AOCs, and vineyard area, are almost evenly distributed between the right and left banks of the Loire. Sancerre stretches from the river’s left bank to Menetou-Salon, which touches it to the southwest. Further in the same direction, across the river Cher, are Quincy, Reuilly and, a short drive south, Châteaumeillant. On the Loire’s right bank, facing Sancerre, are Pouilly-Fumé (the Sauvignon Blanconly AOC shares its perimeter with Pouilly-Sur-Loire, for single-varietal Chasselas) and Coteaux du Giennois.

REINTERPRETATION OF CLASSICS - DIVERSITY AND CHARACTER

The Centre-Loire has shaped, rather than inherited, the classical, renowned styles it has become famous for, and against which producers from all countries and walks of life measure their own wines against. This is a region that has innovation, as much as tradition, as a fundamental value, having actively redefined itself namely through the choice of its flagship variety - following the tragedies of phylloxera and two world wars. Before that, Pinot Noir was the most planted grape, but insightful producers recognised the potential for unique quality in the region’s Sauvignon Blancs, which soon became the local queen grape.

Unlike the fussy Pinot, Sauvignon Blanc showed more adaptability to the challenging growing seasons and, most importantly, an outstanding capacity to capture the purity and singularity of the region’s soils. Attuned to the character of their vineyards and seeking a transparent expression of terroir, winemakers refined a style based on the unmasked expression of Sauvignon Blanc and the nuances of soils and vintage. If the wines of Sancerre or Pouilly-Fumé are ubiquitous on restaurant lists and shelves it is because there is wide recognition, among buyers, sommeliers and consumers alike, of the style, quality and precision attached to those names.

This being said, there’s a renewed interest in the viticultural history that preceded the dominance of Sauvignon Blanc. A new generation of winemakers is championing a deeper, more complex understanding of the history that informs their work in the present and is therefore rediscovering (and in some cases replanting) other varieties and their historical affinity with plots in the multiple appellations of Centre-Loire. Chasselas, Pinot Gris, Gamay and Pinot

Noir (which accounts for 15% of total plantings) are reclaiming their own space in the viticultural and stylistic landscape of Centre-Loire, catalysing a reevaluation of tradition and heritage, and opening new opportunities.

GENERATIONS WORKING TOGETHER

There is, likewise, a collective effort to understand how to work in a more sustainable way, both to optimise the use of natural and social resources, and to face the challenges of climate change. As weather events - not least frosts - become ever more unpredictable and severe, producers are aware of the need to

promote the resistance and adaptability of the vines. This collective effort has been well supported by the SICAVAC, a multidisciplinary research institute, funded by and supporting all the region’s producers. The institute has done important research on clonal resistance, massal selection, rootstocks and soil profiling, and provides ongoing training on sustainable practices and biodynamics. Not by chance, the Centre-Loire has an impressive 47% of producers with sustainability certifications: 31% organic certified or under conversion; 10% with the Haute Valeur Environnementale (HVE) stamp; 6% certified Terra Vitis.

The uniqueness of SICAVAC’s structure, founded and funded by the producers themselves and based exclusively on the reality of their work in the vineyards and cellars, is a perfect example of the pioneering spirit and dynamism that runs through the region’s veins. Seen in winemaking expertise, continuous research and relentless commitment to quality, this attitude is a continuous thread throughout the generations of winemakers that safeguard tradition with an open-mind and worldly view. As one producer put it: ‘We look at our future on the world stage by understanding and being faithful to the forces within.”

BEYOND SAUVIGNON BLANC

You would be forgiven for only thinking of single-varietal Sauvignon Blanc upon mention of the Centre-Loire. As stated above there are, however, other grapes and styles to discover, equally, if not more, linked to the region’s viticultural history. Producers themselves are finding that the exploration of a more comprehensive range is essential to truly understand their terroirs and face an unpredictable future.

If the Sauvignon Blancs from Sancerre, Menetou-Salon, Quincy and Pouilly-Fumé are known for their idiosyncratic mineral backbone and the intricate specificities imparted by each micro-terroir, the same could be said of the red wines produced by many of Centre-Loire’s appellations. A lot can be expected from the style that is perhaps Centre-Loire’s best kept secret, produced in both early-drinking and age-worthy styles. Pinot Noirs, Gamays and blends of the two are starting to be recognised for what they are: wines of approachable elegance and with unpretentious poise.

To say that the Pinot Noirs from CentreLoire are Burgundian in character and structure would be easy and perhaps somewhat accurate. But it would also be misleading as they have an identity of their own; a particular mineral nerve, a fleshiness of fruit and a mid-palate grip to the tannins providing an unmistakable Centre-Loire fingerprint. The rosés from the variety are imbued with this same cool climate vibrancy, the best examples favouring the subtlety of fine-grained tannins and a delicious herbal edge. The Pinot Gris from Reuilly, on the other hand, are particularly intriguing expressions of the pink-skinned grape, with fresh nuts and orchard fruit giving at once elegance and complexity.

And there are, of course, also lesser known whites to discover. The Chasselas of Pouilly-Sur-Loire or the vin gris from Châteaumeillant are as rare as they are interesting - yet another reason to visit the Centre-Loire and dare beyond the expected or known.

And should you need an argument more, the region’s wines have evolved with the local cuisine, equally intriguing, authentic and altogether delicious. A visit to the Centre-Loire will always be a journey to the heart of the best wine, food and people.

Discover more: www.vins-centre-loire.com