On this day ...

NOVEMBER 19

1600: Charles I, future Stuart king of Scotland and England, was born at Dunfermline Palace.

1828: Franz Schubert, Austrian composer, died in Vienna of typhus, aged 31.

1863: Abraham Lincoln made his famous Gettysburg address, with his freedom cry: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

1942: The Russians counterattacked at Stalingrad and surrounded the German army.

1979: Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ordered the release of 13 ‘hostages’ held in the US embassy in Tehran.

1984: More than 500 people died and 1000 buildings were destroyed in an explosion at a chemicals factory in Mexico City.

1988: Christina Onassis, above, daughter of the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle, died from a pulmonary edema, aged just 37.

ON THIS DAY LAST YEAR: The Prince of Wales visited the island of Dominica to meet survivors of Hurricane Maria, which battered the country with high winds, torrential rain and flooding. BIRTHDAYS: Ted Turner, media mogul, 80; Calvin Klein, fashion designer, 76; Raymond Blanc, restaurateur, 69; Meg Ryan, actress, 57; Jodie Foster, actress, 56; Douglas Henshall, actor, above, 53; Lady Davina Windsor, daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, 41; Adele Silva, actress, 38.