ON THIS DAY

1199: Richard I, Coeur de Lion, King of England, was killed in battle.

1483: The painter Raphael was born in Urbino, Italy – and died on the same day 37 years later.

1830: The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, whose adherents are known as Mormons, was founded by Joseph Smith in New York.

1843: William Wordsworth was appointed Poet Laureate – the day before his 73rd birthday.

1896: The opening ceremony of the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens.

1909: US Commander Robert Peary became the first man to reach the North Pole – it was his sixth attempt in 15 years.

1917: The United States entered the First World War.

1944: Pay As You Earn income tax was introduced in Britain. The system was devised by Sir Cornelius Gregg.

1965: Early Bird, the first commercial communications satellite, was launched by the United States.

1994: The presidents of the African states of Rwanda and Burundi died in a plane crash.

2009: A 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck near L’Aquila, Italy, killing 307 people.

ON THIS DAY LAST YEAR: Duran Duran bassist John Taylor and magician Dynamo were among the celebrities who revealed they were recovering from Covid-19.

BIRTHDAYS: Barry Levinson, film director and producer, 79; John Ratzenberger, actor, 74; Michael Rooker, actor, 66; Rory Bremner, impressionist, 60; Paul Rudd, actor, 52; Lord Frederick Windsor, son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent, 42; Fabrice Muamba, former footballer, 33.