Scottish Daily Mail

Why didn’t bashing my ganglion with a book work?

- DR MARTIN SCURR

QI’VE had a ganglion on my wrist for some time. The traditiona­l method — bashing it with a book — hasn’t worked and in the past two weeks it has increased notably in size. Can I get this removed, and if so, what are the chances of it recurring? Jacqui Shankland, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshi­re.

AA Ganglion is a firm, fluid-filled swelling over a joint or tendon, ranging in size from a chickpea (1cm) to a golfball (4 to 5cm). occasional­ly, ganglions can be painful, but patients generally seek help for them because they’re worried about their appearance or that the lump could be something sinister.

They’re thought to be linked to mild damage or breach in the connective tissue around the tendons (which connect muscle to bone), ligaments (which connect bones or cartilage), and joint capsules (the tough fibrous wrapping around joints). lubricatin­g fluid then fills this breach.

it’s not clear what causes the initial damage. interestin­gly, while repetitive movement doesn’t seem to be the problem, it can make a ganglion larger.

ganglions can occur anywhere but typically they’re found around the wrist or hand — you also see them on the foot, and sometimes the knee or shoulder. They are most common between the ages of 20 and 40, and occur rather more frequently in women, although no one knows why.

Bashing a ganglion with a book is a popular, but ineffectiv­e, treatment. The cyst usually refills, and in any event, around half spontaneou­sly resolve within a year or so.

Your doctor could drain the cyst using a needle after anaestheti­sing the skin with a tiny injection of local anaestheti­c: around half of drained ganglions will recur within a year, but it is a simple treatment without complicati­ons so may be worth trying.

if the problem persists or recurs, another option is surgery, usually under a general anaestheti­c. However, even then there is a small recurrence rate and many would consider this an unnecessar­y operation because of the cost — and the fact that a ganglion is otherwise harmless. MY grandson, who is 14, has asthma and other severe allergies: he’s always sneezing or congested. He’s tried every antihistam­ine with no relief.

He is extremely overweight (with breasts) which my daughter blames on his asthma steroids. Could they affect his hormones?

He still looks young among sixfooters his age, and is being viciously bullied about his size and the constant sneezing and sniffling (he’s just had a second operation to remove nasal polyps).

He often coughs until he vomits, so doesn’t get a consistent night’s sleep. All in all, his life is pretty miserable. Name and address supplied.

QMY HEART goes out to your grandson, with his asthma and related nasal symptoms being complicate­d by the delay in puberty, obesity and bullying. i wonder, too, if his sleep problems are affecting his schooling.

let me start with his asthma. This is a disease that affects the length of the respirator­y tract, from the nose to the lungs, causing inflammati­on that leads to the airways narrowing and the production of excess sticky mucus.

At the same time, muscle cells in the airways contract — patients describe it as like trying to breathe through a straw.

As well as the characteri­stic cough and wheeze, symptoms include breathless­ness, chest tightness and sometimes pain.

The other symptoms you describe — the sneezing and snuffling — are due to your grandson’s allergic rhinitis (nasal allergy), which affects the nose and sinuses: in severe cases patients also develop polyps, bulky gel-like swellings of the nasal lining. Allergic rhinitis is part and parcel of asthma,

Aalthough not all patients have both to the same degree.

Treating asthma involves identifyin­g and controllin­g any triggers, tailoring the medication to the individual, and ensuring they know how to self-manage the condition.

When it comes to triggers, typically for both asthma and allergic rhinitis these include respirator­y infections, including flu, exercise (90 per cent of children with asthma find exercise is a trigger for airways to spasm), tobacco smoke, and allergy-including pollens, moulds and exposure to various domestic animals.

other potential irritants include aerosol cleaning sprays, room deodoriser­s and traffic pollutants. You’ve listed your grandson’s medication­s and it’s clear he is using all the available mainstream inhalers for his nasal and lung symptoms.

He’s also taking antihistam­ine tablets for his nasal allergy. His nasal spray and inhalers contain steroids, which are essential to suppress the inflammati­on.

research has shown that inhaled steroids do slow the rate of growth in children — however, they don’t prevent them reaching their ultimate predicted height, and they don’t cause obesity or delayed puberty.

Your grandson’s excess weight may be caused by an inability to exercise because of the asthma itself. The most important thing to do first is ensure your grandson’s asthma is well controlled — that his general practice has a management plan in place, and that treatment is structured to include

regular monitoring which can take into account any exacerbati­ons due to infection or other triggers.

Second, his inhaler technique needs to be checked to ensure he inhales the medication fully down into the airway — it’s all too easy to end up merely coating the back of the throat. Your grandson’s practice nurse will be able to check his technique.

increasing­ly, research has shown that the better the control of the upper respirator­y tract allergy — and the congestion this causes — the greater relief patients get from their lung inhalers.

Your grandson’s recent nasal polyp surgery shows that an ENT specialist is involved, which is good news on that front.

it might help to add another nasal steroid spray (drug name beclometha­sone) to his medication, as well as swapping from the oral antihistam­ine your grandson is currently taking (cetirizine) to a nasal antihistam­ine spray — this is known to be more effective than antihistam­ine tablets.

The nasal antihistam­ine spray, called azelastine, also avoids the sedating effect caused by oral antihistam­ines. This could be a change that your grandson’s GP might consider (he will need a prescripti­on). My other contributi­on concerns his mental state.

The combinatio­n of being chronicall­y unwell, excess weight, delayed puberty and bullying at school, commands the greatest sympathy.

i feel this, too, must be covered in conversati­on with the family doctor or the practice nurse — with the idea of referral for profession­al psychologi­cal support.

This must be handled with the utmost sensitivit­y by family and profession­als alike when explaining it to your grandson. Please let me know how you get on.

WRITE TO DR SCURR

WRITE to Dr Scurr at Good Health, Scottish Daily Mail, 20 Waterloo Street, Glasgow G2 6DB or email drmartin@ dailymail.co.uk — include your contact details. Dr Scurr cannot enter into personal correspond­ence. Replies should be taken in a general context and always consult your own GP with any health worries.

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