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1 THERE are hopes a Coronavirus vaccine may be a step closer after a drug trial breakthrough. Experts at Oxford University found a jab they are developing sparks an immune reaction. The study’s lead author, Professor Andrew Pollard said the findings were a “really important milestone”.
2 Britain is planning the “biggest flu vaccination programme in history” to in bid to reduce the pressure on the nHS this winter. the flu vaccine is available every winter and is routinely given to adults over 65, people with medical conditions and pregnant women. Soldiers fighting in World War ii were the first to receive the flu vaccine.
3 THE 18thcentury scientist Dr Edward Jenner, right, developed the first successful vaccine in 1796 after observing that milk maids who caught cowpox did not catch the more serious smallpox. His house in Berkeley in Gloucestershire is now a museum but was under threat of a funding collapse at one point because of the Covid-19 lockdown.
4 WHOOPING cough used to kill more than 2,000 people a year in england and Wales and infect more than 100,000 before a vaccine was introduced in the 1950s. the highly infectious disease is a major cause of infant deaths worldwide. the World Health organisation estimated in 2008 that the vaccine had saved 687,000 lives.
5 THE MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella – also known as German measles. the combined vaccination launched in the UK in 1988 and is now used in countries around the world.
6 TETANUS is a life-threatening bacterial infection that can enter the body through a cut, puncture wound, bite or open sore.
It has been called the ‘grinning death’ because it can cause facial muscles to contract. Immunisation was introduced in the UK in the 1950s and became part of the national routine childhood programme in 1961.
7 polio was a serious viral infection once common in the UK, causing temporary or permanent paralysis. Cases fell sharply when vaccinations began in the 1950s and there has not been a recorded case of polio caught in the UK since the mid-80s. ian Dury, lead singer of the Blockheads, contracted it at the age of seven, affecting his left arm and leg.
8 APPROVED in 2005, the MCV vaccine protects against meningococcal disease which can lead to meningitis, causing infection and swelling of the brain and spinal cord. It is recommended for babies at eight weeks and is followed by booster shots.
9 THE human papillomavirus vaccine (HpV) can help to protect against certain cancers caused by the virus. the nHS treatment started being offered to 12 and 13-year-olds from last September. there are hundreds of strains of HpV virus, and most are harmless, but around 12 types can cause cancer.
10 PCV13 is also known as the pneumonia jab and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. It offers protection against potentially fatal pneumococcal bacteria which can cause pneumonia, ear and sinus infections and blood poisoning. The childhood vaccine protects against 13 strains and the adult against 23 strains.