ON THIS DAY

• 1754: William Murdoch, Scottish engineer, who with James Watt and Matthew Boulton pioneered the use of coal-gas lighting in 1792, was born.

• 1765: William IV, known as the “sailor king” for his service in the Royal Navy, was born. His numerous affairs were legendary – he had 10 illegitimate children by Irish actress Dorothy Jordan.

• 1911: Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) was stolen from the Louvre in Paris. The thief was Italian waiter Vicenzo Perruggia who, posing as an official photographer, walked off with it under his arm. It was recovered in 1913 from under a bed in a hotel.

• 1930: Princessmargaretrose was born in Glamis Castle. She was the first princess to be born in Scotland for 300 years.

• 1940: Leon Trotsky, exiled Bolshevik leader who found asylum in Mexico, died after being struck on the head with an ice pick wielded by Ramon Mercader, an agent for Stalin.

• 1962: Savannah, the world’s first nuclear-powered merchant ship, went on her maiden voyage.

• 1976: Mary Langdon, 25, joined East Sussex Fire Brigade to become Britain’s first female firefighter.

• 1988: Amended British licensing laws allowing more flexible pub opening hours came into force at midnight. Pubs could now stay open 12 hours in the day, except on Sunday.

• ON THIS DAY LAST YEAR: Spacewalking astronauts added another parking spot to the International Space Station.

• BIRTHDAYS: Dina Carroll, singer, 52; Liam Howlett, musician, 49; Usain Bolt, sprinter/olympic champion, 34.