‘The Strongest Woman in the World’, Katie Sandwina

1910, Bailey’s Circus, Madison Square Garden

No one called her Katie. “The Great Sandwina” was variously billed during a career which ended with her retirement at the age of 57 in 1941. In her four decades of American and global fame, she was “Europe’s Queen of Strength and Beauty”, “Lady Hercules” and “The Strongest Woman in the World”.

She came into the world in Essen, Germany, in 1884, as Kathi Brumbach to the smell of sawdust and the clunk of barbells. Both parents were circus performers, a strongman/ strongwoman duo whose four daughters – Kathi, Barbara, Eugenia and Marie – were incorporated into the act. Talent and dedication took Kathi the farthest during a life spent on the road. In her early teens her father gave her a solo spot, offering a prize of 100 marks to any man who could beat her in a wrestling bout. Many took the bait. There were no winners.

Max Heymann, an acrobat, was one of the vanquished but at the age of 19 he married the 16-year-old Kathi and they teamed up professionally, too, going to the United States at the turn of the 20th century. It was there that she took the name Sandwina as a marketing gimmick to associate herself with Eugen Sandow, the bodybuilding pioneer and leopardskin loincloth-clad “Perfect Man”.

It was said that she had challenged and defeated the famed Sandow in a feat of strength during her first trip to New York and there have been suggestions that she took on the feminine version of his name to blow a raspberry at him and his sex.

Sandwina wore heels to elevate her from 5ft 10in to more than 6ft and Max became an essential prop in her show, his 11st 12lb frame regularly being raised above her head with one arm.

When her first son, Ted, was two and weighed 50lb, she would raise both of them. She quickly moved up the billing and performed at Barnum & Bailey and then Ringling Bros circuses.