Companies disclose gender pay gaps of up to 36%
As British companies prepare to make public the difference between what their male and female employees earn, early reports from a handful of companies have revealed pay gaps as high as 36 per cent – twice the national average. Virgin Money disclosed that men who work at the bank earn, on average, 36 per cent more than women. At asset manager Schroders, the pay gap was 31 per cent. Utility SSE reported an average pay gap of 23.4 per cent, and consulting firm PwC said it found a 15 per cent difference in pay.
The companies released the numbers ahead of a new law that requires companies to calculate the difference between the average and median hourly pay rates for all male and female employees, with and without bonus. All companies will be required to publish the results of their pay-gap analysis on their
websites by April 2018, a measure that supporters say will help close the gulf in compensation.
The national pay gap is a little more than 18 per cent, according to Government statistics. That is a blunt average, though, and reflects a slew of factors, including the fact that men hold a bigger proportion of senior jobs and high-paying roles. Throughout the UK, women hold 60 per cent of the lowest-paying jobs, while men make up 60 per cent of the top paying posts, according to data from the Confederation of British Industry (CBI).
“The way men and women are segregated into different job functions is the biggest driver of the gender wage gap,” said Andrew Chamberlain, chief economist at Glassdoor. The job search site uses self-reported data from the thousands of job seekers, then looks at job title, experience, education and other factors to understand how men and women with similar backgrounds are paid. When adjusted for these factors, men in the UK still earn 5.5 per cent more than women, compared with a 5.4 per cent gap the US, he said.
For Virgin Money, the 36 per cent pay gap it discovered was not out of whack with the rest of the financial services sector, where the average pay gap is about 34 per cent. Still, said Matt Elliott, the company’s people director, “It isn’t something that we can accept.” By other measures, the company is ahead of some of its peers: four of its 10 corporate directors are female, including its chief executive. Looking deeper, Virgin found it still had too few women in senior roles. It also lacked men working in customer service. As a result, men make up 67 per cent of the best-paid employees and just 26 per cent of lowest-paid. “We need to make consumer-service roles more attractive to men,” Mr Elliott said. “I don’t think we’d have been looking at this without the pay gap work.” Virgin is also trying to provide more support for women as they move up through their careers. The company has a maternity mentoring programme, as well as an app that lets women keep in touch with their colleagues when they’re on leave.
SSE’s internal review also revealed discrepancies that went deeper than its overall average (which is about average for its industry). At the company, 34 per cent of men received a bonus, compared with 12 per cent of women. And among those who got bonuses, men’s awards were 32 per cent bigger on average. The company says its pay gap reflects that it has fewer women in operational roles – the result of a gender gap in science and technology education. It also said that publishing the data helps inform businesses and address pay disparity overall.
Not everyone agrees. The CBI opposed the new regulations on the grounds that the numbers don’t give a complete picture, and also that there are many causes for the pay gap, many of which are out of companies’ control. In a report prepared for the employers group, Anthony Fincham, a partner at law firm CMS, explained why the new requirement is unfair. “If employers are not responsible for all the problems, they cannot be held accountable for all the solutions,” he wrote. Affordable childcare, better career advice and education are all needed to bring women’s compensation in line with men’s, he said.
Still, UK workers support disclosure. In a survey by Glassdoor, 58 per cent said the Government should force employers to reveal salaries in order to combat unequal pay. Shareholders have also begun to pressure companies to reveal – and close – gender pay gaps. Firms that can do so will have an advantage both with investors and in recruiting. “Most talented women are not going to want to work at a company with bad numbers – it will be a turnoff,” said Avivah Wittenberg-Cox, who consults on diversity at global companies. “Companies need to adapt their cultures to a more gender-balanced world.”