NOW & THEN

0 On this day in 1837, London’s first railway station, Euston, its grand entrance designed by Philip Hardwick, opened 1304: King Edward I of England journey and began sending back took Stirling Castle, the last clear pictures. rebel stronghold of the Wars of 1977: The CIA released Scottish Independence. documents under the Freedom

1651: At the The Battle of of Information Act, revealing Inverkeithing, the Royalist force that it had engaged in mind supporting Charles II failed control experiments. to stop the advance of Oliver 1982: IRA bombs killed ten Cromwell’s army towards Perth. soldiers and seven army horses

1705: An Act of the Scottish at Hyde Park and Regents Park, Parliament established herring London. Fifty-three were injured. fishing in and around Scotland. 1989: The government of

1712: The Riot Act came into Burma placed author Aung San effect in Britain. Suu Kyi under house arrest. 1773: Scottish settlers arrived in 1994: OJ Simpson offered Pictou, Nova Scotia. $500,000 to anyone who could

1837: London’s first railway produce evidence to identify station, Euston, opened. his wife’s killer. He was later

1881: Sioux Indian chief Sitting convicted of the murder himself. Bull surrendered to US federal 2000: In Zimbabwe, parliament troops. opened its new session and

1885: Professional football seated opposition members for was legalised by the Football the first time in a decade. Association. 2012: A gunman opened fire at

1890: Gibbons Stamp Monthly a screening The Dark Knight at began publication. a cinema in Aurora, Colorado,

killing 12 people and injuring 59.

1914: Armed resistance against British rule began in Ulster.

1926: A convention of the Methodist Church voted to admit women priests.

1933: Half a million people took part in an anti-semitic march in London.

1944: An assassination attempt on Hitler was made by a German staff officer, Count Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg, at Rastenberg, East Prussia. He and 1,000 others implicated in the plot were executed.

1945: US flag raised over Berlin as US troops prepared to take part in occupation government.

1951: Jordan’s King Abdullah was assassinated in Jerusalem.

1954: Tennis champion Maureen Connolly’s right leg was crushed in a riding accident, ending her competitive career.

1957: At a meeting in Bradford, prime minister Harold Macmillan said: “Let’s be frank about it. Most of our people have never had it so good.”

1960: Sirima Bandaranaike became premier of Ceylon and the world’s first female head of government.

1967: Race riots rook place in Memphis, Tennessee.

1969: Eagle, the lunar module of Apollo 11, landed on the Moon, on the Sea of Tranquillity.

1974: Turkey invaded Cyprus.

1975: India expelled three journalists, from the Times, the Daily Telegraph and Newsweek, because they refused to sign a pledge to abide by government censorship.

1976: Viking 1, the American unmanned spacecraft, touched down on Mars after an 11-month Nicola Benedetti MBE, Scottish musician, 31; Gisele Bündchen, supermodel, 38; Jacques Delors, president, European Commission 1985-95, 93; Sally Ann Howes, actress, 88; Charlie Magri, former WBC British flyweight boxing champion, 62; Jonathon Morris, actor, 58; Jeff Rawle, actor, 67; Carlos Santana, musician, 71; Sandra Oh, actress, 47; Anton du Beke, dancer, 52. Births: 356 BC Alexander the Great; 1804 Sir Richard Owen, paleontologist and biologist; 1822 Gregor Mendel, scientist; 1889 Lord Reith, first directorgeneral of the BBC; 1919 Sir Edmund Hillary, first person to reach the summit of Mount Everest; 1938 Natalie Wood, actress; 1943 Wendy Richard, actress.

Deaths: 1819 John Playfair, Scottish geologist and mathematician; 1923 Pancho Villa, revolutionary leader; 1926 Felix Dzerzhinsky, founder of Soviet secret police (Cheka); 1937 Guglielmo Marconi, physicist and wireless telegraphy pioneer; 1970 Iain Macleod Chancellor of the Exchequer; 1973 Bruce Lee, Kung-fu actor; 2011 Lucian Freud artist; 2012 Simon Ward, actor.