Seek out the shade
Clever planting will keep you cool and your garden looking great, writes Hannah Stephenson
While the mercury continues to rise, a shady spot in your outdoor space provides a welcoming retreat, whether under a canopy of trees or a pergola adorned with climbers.
Even just a bench sheltered from the sun by colourful blooms can provide a comfortable and pretty shaded stop.
And while your summer bedding continues to bloom during the heatwave, lush, deep green foliage plants and other cooling specimens will be thriving in the shade.
Here, Mark Sage, head of horticulture at Wyevale Garden Centres (wyevalegardencentres. co.uk), offers some top tips for planting in the shade.
Change your expectations
Shade can come from buildings, trees, fences and dominant evergreen plants. Change your expectations of shady planting and think about foliage, form, texture, muted colours and bold drifts.
Many plants do well in shade, as the soil in shady areas can retain moisture and provide ideal growing conditions. One of the joys of planting in the shade is luscious foliage. Rich foliage can be enhanced by adding splashes of colour, with shadetolerant Busy Lizzies, stocks, violas and nicotiana.
Manage dry shade
Dry shade can be a challenge, but it’s not an impossible growing condition for plants. The main problem is the lack of light and moisture.
Dry shade can often be found near trees, as their roots take moisture from the soil, as well as at the foot of walls or directly under roofs.
Good plants for under trees include Camellia japonica ‘Adolphe Audusson’, Viburnum davidii, Fuchsia magellanica var. molinae, Fritillaria meleagris and Iris foetidissima.
For plants to thrive in dry shade, add as much organic material to the area as possible, such as homemade leaf mould, compost or soil conditioner. This will help retain moisture and improve the soil condition. Organic material will also improve the soil structure and increase the amount of good bacteria and organisms in it. These break down plant material and help to build up the amount of nutrients naturally available in the soil. You’ll need to use a fork to work the organic material into the ground, and water the area afterwards. Some plants that require a continually moist soil won’t do well in dry shade, so it’s important – as with any problem area in the garden – that you do your research on the plant before planting.
Good plants for dry shade include Lamium maculatum ‘White Nancy’, Dryopteris affinis ‘Angustata Crispa’, Viburnum tinus, Sarcococca confusa and Asplenium scolopendrium ‘Angustatum’.
Use the right fertilisers
Using a fertiliser will help add nutrients directly to the soil in a form that plant roots can absorb quickly. Don’t use high nitrogen fertilisers, as you want to promote shade-tolerant plant growth and these fertilisers rely on sunlight. Instead, use sulphate of potash, which has a very high potassium content, or wood ash from a bonfire.
Find out the ph
Use a soil testing kit to check the acidity or alkalinity of your soil because, in particularly acid or alkaline soils, plants may not be able to use all the available nutrients and minerals while in others, the nutrients may have been removed. It will also help you choose the right plants for the soil.
Plants which are unfussy about the soil include fatsias, astilbes, astrantia and many ferns. Acidloving plants that can do well in shade include rhododendrons, azaleas and hydrangeas.
Allow roots some space
When you’re planting in the shade, you need to ensure the roots of the new plants go down into cool, moist soil. Fork the base of each planting hole. Even if your plants are tolerant to dry shade, you still need to water them. Give them a good soak before and after you’ve planted them and keep watering them for the first year until they’re established.
When you’ve planted, mulch the area with a layer of homemade leaf mould or rotted garden compost to retain moisture, prevent weeds, and protect the roots when it’s cold.
Use water to chill out
If you have a pond, it shouldn’t be completely in the shade as it will just go stagnant, but subtle green marginal planting with touches of colour from plants such as astilbes and irises will give the area a cool, calming aura.
Good plants around ponds in partial shade include water horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile), dogwood (Cornus alba), Siberian iris ‘Caesar’s
Brother’ (Iris sibirica), water forgetme-not (Myosotis scorpioides )and
yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus).
Use climbers to create shade
If you have a structure such as arch or pergola, grow climbers over it in the sun, which will provide you with shade underneath. Climbers which grow over a freestanding structure in the sun often do better than when planted against a wall or fence because there is no restriction of light.
A combination of climbers which flower at different times will provide colour to your garden for longer and create an attractive mix. For big structures, you could train roses, wisteria, laburnum and lateflowering clematis.