NOW & THEN
3 OCTOBER
1283: Dafydd AP Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd in Wales, became the first person to be executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
1594: Battle of Glenlivet and the defeat of the Royal troops under the Earl of Argyll by Catholic lords under the Earl of Huntly.
1712: The Duke of Montrose issued a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy Mcgregor.
1872: Bloomingdales department store opened in New York.
1888: The New Zealand Natives – a mainly Maori rugby team – became the first to perform the haka, wear the all-black strip and the silver fern motif, when they played their first match in a tour of the UK.
1906: SOS was established as an international distress signal at the Berlin Radio Conference.
1910: The first recorded mid-air collision of two aircraft occurred at an airshow in Milan, Italy. Both pilots survived.
1914: 2,400 people died in an earthquake in Turkey.
1929: Britain restored diplomatic relations with USSR.
1929: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes changed its name to Yugoslavia.
1935: Italian forces invaded Ethiopia.
1941: Adolf Hitler announced that Soviet Union had been defeated and would never rise again.
1940: Former prime minister Neville Chamberlain resigned from the government because of poor health – he died two months later.
1941: The aerosol was patented by LD Goodhue and WN Sullivan.
1943: The British 8th Army landed at Termoli, east Italy.
1945: Elvis Presley gave his first public performance at the age of ten.
1952: Tea rationing ended in Britain.
1952: Britain detonated its first atomic bomb, aboard a naval vessel at the Monte Bello Islands off north-west Australia.
1955: Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira became president of Brazil.
1956: The Bolshoi Ballet appeared at Covent Garden, London, for the first time.
1959: The post code, required in the addressing of mail for mechanical sorting, was first used in Britain, in Norwich.
1971: Luna 19, unmanned Soviet spacecraft, went into orbit around the moon.
1972: American president Richard Nixon signed the SALT agreement (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) with the Soviet Union.
1977: India’s former prime minister Indira Gandhi was arrested in New Delhi on two charges of corruption while in office.
1990: East and West Germany were reunited as the Federal Republic of Germany.
1990: Former Labour MP Dick Douglas joined SNP.
1993: There was bloodshed in Moscow as demonstrators attacked government buildings. President Boris Yeltsin declared a state of emergency.
1995: Former American football star and film actor OJ Simpson was cleared at the end of a ninemonth trial of the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown, and her male friend, Ronald Goldman.