NOW & THEN
NOVEMBER 13
1093: King Malcolm III died at the Battle of Alnwick, during an invasion of Northumbria. Malcolm Canmore, husband of St Margaret, was the last of the Celtic kings of Scotland.
1715: Battle of Sheriffmuir between the Jacobite army under the Earl of Mar and Hanoverian troops under the Duke of Argyll.
1851: Telegraph service between London and Paris opened.
1887: The “Bloody Sunday” riot took place in London, when a march against unemployment and coercion in Ireland was attacked by police and the British Army. There were 400 arrests and 75 people injured.
1914: The brassiere was patented in the United States by Mary Phelps Jacob.
1916: Battle of the Somme ended at a cost of 60,000 Allied lives, having started on 1 July.
1935: Anti-british riots took place in Egypt.
1936: Edward VIII told prime minister Stanley Baldwin he intended to marry twicedivorced American Mrs Wallis Simpson.
1939: Bombs hit the Shetland Islands, the first to drop on British soil in the Second World War.
1956: The United States Supreme Court declared Alabama’s law segregating black people from whites on buses invalid.
1964: Pope Paul VI said he would give his jewelled tiara to the world’s poor.
1965: During a live BBC TV debate, theatre critic Kenneth Tynan became the first person to use the work f *ck on television, causing huge controversy and led to four censoring motions in the House of Commons.
1973: State of emergency declared after overtime ban by Britain’s electricity and coal workers.
1979: The Times newspaper resumed publication having been closed for almost a year due to an industrial dispute.
1980: The US spacecraft Voyager I sent back the first closeup pictures of the planet Saturn.
1987: The first criminal conviction based on genetic fingerprinting led to a rapist being sentenced at Bristol Crown Court to eight years’ imprisonment.
2001: The Afghanistan capital of Kabul fell to the American and British-backed Northern Alliance as troops of the ruling Tale
ban retreated towards Kandahar.
2001: The cost of the Scottish Parliament building at Holyrood soared to above £240 million, six times the original estimate. It eventually topped £400m.
2004: MP Boris Johnson was dismissed as the Conservative Party vice-chairman and arts spokesman after accusations of lying about an affair.
2007: The First Minister and SNP leader, Alex Salmond, predicted the break-up of Britain by 2017 and said that Scotland would be independent within ten years.
2015: Armed terrorists attacked bars and restaurants in Paris, targeted an international football match between France and Germany with suicide bombers and slaughtered members of the audience at a rock concert. Islamic State claimed responsibility.