NOW & THEN
22 OCTOBER
362: The famed temple of Apollo at Daphne was destroyed by fire.
794: Emperor Kanmu relocated the capital of Japan to Heiankyo (now Kyoto).
1721: Peter the Great took the title of Czar of All Russia.
1797: First parachute descent made by André-jacques Garnerin from a balloon over Paris.
1812: The Duke of Wellington seized Burgos, Spain following a three-day siege.
1877: A firedamp explosion at Blantyre Colliery, Lanarkshire, killed 207 miners – Scotland’s worst mining accident. Widows and orphans who were unable to support themselves were evicted from their tied cottages by the mine owners.
1904: The Dogger Bank incident took place in the North Sea, when the Russian Baltic fleet fired on British trawlers, mistaking them for an Imperial Japanese Navy fleet.
1906: Henry Ford became president of the Ford Motor Company.
1910: Dr Hawley Harvey Crippen was convicted at Old Bailey of poisoning his wife Cora; he was hanged in London on 23 November .
1924: Ministry of Health banned use of preservatives in dairy products and many other foods.
1934: Notorious bank robber Charles Arthur ‘Pretty Boy Floyd’ was shot and killed in a cornfield near Clarkson, Ohio by FBI agents.
1937: Duke and Duchess of Windsor arrived in Berlin to meet Hitler, study poor housing conditions and hear a concert by the Nazi District Orchestra.
1949: Czech athlete Emil Zatopek set a new world record of 29:21.2 in the 10,000 metres.
1952: SA Velcro patented the non-metallic fastener that was later developed for space suits.
1962: Cuban missile crisis began as president John F Kennedy announced blockade of Cuba in protest at installation of Russian missiles there.
1962: Nelson Mandela’s treason trial opened in South Africa.
1964: Jean-paul Sartre turned down the Nobel Prize for literature. His publisher said he would never accept gifts.
1992: Demonstrators threw eggs at the Queen when she arrived at a church in Dresden, Germany, for a service of reconciliation.
1995: Scotland won the Alfred Dunhill Cup at St Andrews for
the first time, beating Zimbabwe in the final.
1999: Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy France government during the Second World War, was jailed for crimes against humanity.
2005: Tropical Storm Alpha formed in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record with 22 named storms.
2008: India launched its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1.
2009: The first nationwide postal strike in two years began after talks between Royal Mail and the Communication Workers Union broke down.
2013: Thirty-seven Boko Haram Islamic militants were killed by Nigerian forces in air and ground strikes on an insurgent camp in the north-east of the country.
BIRTHDAYS
Catherine Deneuve, actress, 78; Colonel John Blashford-snell C Lee Loughnane BE, explorer and author, 85; Jeff Goldblum, actor, 69; Sir Derek Jacobi CBE, actor, 83; Craig Levein, Scottish footballer, manager and administrator, 57; Christopher Lloyd, actor, 83; Winston Bogarde, footballer, 51; Shelby Lynne, singer, 53; Sir Donald Mcintyre CBE, opera singer, 87; Kelvin Mackenzie, media executive 75; Sir Michael Stoute, racehorse trainer, 76; Arsene Wenger OBE, football manager, 72; Shaggy, reggae singer and DJ, 53; George Cohen MBE, English World Cupwinning footballer, 82.
ANNIVERSARIES
Births: 1811 Franz Liszt, composer; 1844 Sarah Bernhardt, actress; 1917 Joan Fontaine, actress; 1919 Doris Lessing OBE; 1923 Bert Trautmann OBE, goalkeeper; 1938 Alan Gilzean, Scottish footballer.
1707: 1906 Paul Cézanne, painter; 1995 Sir Kingsley Amis, author; 1998 Eric Ambler, novelist; 1999 Sharman Weir, musician, general manager, Citizens Theatre, Glasgow; 2005 Tony Adams, film and stage producer; 2015 Mark Murphy, US jazz singer; 2017; George Young, Glasgowborn musician (The Easybeats).