Early days of nursing include gallantry in First World War
The early days of nursing saw the hospital going to the patient, rather than the patient going to the hospital. Prompted by the 200th anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, Jeremy Knight, Horsham museum and heritage manager, has been searching the archives to find out how her work impacted on the town.
Mr Knight aid: “Back in the 18th century, the town had a pest house or isolation building, where if you had contagious diseases you stayed. Unfortunately, we know nothing about how it operated. In fact, there is little mention at all of nursing till after Florence Nightingale set up her nursing school in 1860, with the first nurses being trained by 1865. This led to an understanding of the professionalisation of nursing.
“It was probably this and the discussion of it in the media of the time that led to the creation of the Horsham Nursing Association in 1878.”
Horsham had a local board of health and a number of doctors but the town did not have a hospital, so the sick had to be tended in their own home.
Mr Knight said: “If the patient couldn’t go to the hospital, then let the hospital go to the patient, and so in 1878 Horsham Nursing Association was formed.”
As the Parish Magazine of 1884 noted, though, it was ‘hardly known or appreciated sufficiently’.
Mr Knight said: “It was felt by a few ladies of the town that the poor of the town needed the ‘skilled and competent’ services of a nurse. They raised funds to pay for one, who lasted a year, followed by Mrs Chatfield, who was still in post in 1884. In 1882, she nursed 14 patients, in 1883 24, some of whom she had looked after in 1883.
“The set up was simple. Application was made for the nurse to the committee member, the nurse cost 1s a week, though daily visits could be made at 3d a day. The nurse then boards with the family and ‘always does all in her power to make their homes and families comfortable’.”
Nurse’s chatelaine, dated between 1850 and 1900, containing several medical instruments, such as forceps, scissors, tweezers, tongue depressor and a glass thermometer Pictures: Horsham Museum and Art Gallery
The association in 1883 bought an invalid bath-chair, through donations, and the success of the scheme meant by 1886, they could have two nurses.
It was around this time Lilian Annie Margareta Franklin was born, the only daughter of Horsham wholesale merchant William Franklin. In 1909, Lilian joined the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, or FANY, which had been founded two years earlier. Women aged from 18 to 30 provided their own horses, uniform, paid 10s enrolment fee and 6s a month subscription.
By 1910 the organisation had fragmented, with only six people left in FANY, and it was mainly down to Franklin that it survived.
Mr Knight said: “Survive it did and at the outbreak of World War One, they offered their services to the War Office, who weren’t interested, but the French and Belgians were and soon they ran their hospitals, casualty stations, drove ambulances and supply cars for the next four years along the front.”
By January 1916, the British eventually gave in and gave command of a convoy formed at Calais, with Lillian being the first woman to officially drive for the British Army. The women were originally housed in tents on the beach, taking the dead and wounded to the hospitals or hospital ships. In 1917, Lillian was mentioned in despatches and in 1918, Lilian was made an OBE and received a Belgium gallantry award.