THE QUEEN’S SPEECH AT A GLANCE...

The Queen’s Speech featured 38 bills or draft bills, including some that had been carried over from the last parliamentary session. Many apply to England only, but here are some of the key bills which will also apply in Wales...

■ Transport Bill: Provides the new ‘Great British Railways’ body with the powers it needs to take control of the railway system.

■ Energy Security Bill: Focused on paving the way for new, low-carbon technologies and growing the consumer market for electric heat pumps. Will also appoint Ofgem as the new regulator for heat networks and extend the energy price cap.

■ Draft Digital Markets, Competition and Consumer Bill: Cracks down on “subscription traps” and fake reviews, strengthens protections for consumers using Christmas savings clubs.

■ UK Infrastructure Bank Bill: Establishes the bank in law, with clear objectives to support regional and local economic growth and deliver net zero.

■ Media Bill: Legislates for Culture Secretary Nadine Dorries’ plans to privatise Channel 4.

■ Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Bill: Requires manufacturers, importers and distributors of smart devices to comply with minimum security standards.

■ Electronic Trade Documents Bill: This will put electronic trade documents on the same legal footing as their paper equivalents, which the UK Government says will cut down on “wasteful paperwork” and “needless bureaucracy”.

■ Brexit Freedoms Bill: Creates new powers to strengthen the ability to amend, repeal or replace retained EU law by reducing reliance on primary legislation.

■ Financial Services and Markets Bill: Revokes retained EU law on financial services and updates regulators’ objectives to bring about a greater focus on growth and international competitiveness.

■ Data Reform Bill: The legislation will reform the UK’s data protection regime, replacing the regulations inherited from the European Union with a system “focused on privacy outcomes rather than box-ticking”.

■ Trade (Australia and New Zealand) Bill: The legislation will ensure the UK can comply with the obligations set out in the free trade deals struck with Australia and New Zealand.

■ Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill: The new laws will remove EU measures which prevent the development and marketing of “precision bred” plants and animals using techniques such as gene editing.

■ Harbours (Seafarers’ Remuneration) Bill: In the wake of the mass sacking of P&O Ferries workers, this will seek to crack down on ferry operators who do not pay National Minimum Wage by giving ports new powers to surcharge them and ultimately suspend them from accessing the port.

■ Social Security (Special Rules for End of Life) Bill: This will aim to allow more people nearing the end of their life to access three disability benefits: Personal Independence Payment, Disability Living Allowance and Attendance Allowance.

■ Public Order Bill: This includes a new crackdown on “guerrilla protests” with harsher sentences.

■ National Security Bill: This will reform existing espionage laws in a bid to tackle modern threats

■ Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Bill: This will seek to crack down on illicit finance, including by creating new powers to seize crypto assets quickly.

■ Modern Slavery Bill: This will aim to increase support for victims of human trafficking and modern slavery.

■ Online Safety Bill: Carried over from the previous parliamentary session, the legislation includes measures aimed at forcing online giants to take responsibility for protecting users and removing illegal content.

■ Draft Victims Bill: The legislation will enshrine the Victims’ Code in law – particularly for victims of sexual violence, domestic abuse and serious violence.

■ Draft Protect Duty Bill: In the wake of the Manchester Arena bombing, the legislation will introduce new requirements for certain public locations and venues to draw up plans to respond to terrorism.

■ Bill of Rights: This will replace the Human Rights Act, which enshrines the European Convention on Human Rights in UK law.

■ Animal Welfare (Kept Animals) Bill: The law will ban live exports, tackle puppy smuggling and prohibit keeping primates as pets without a licence.