JOINT INJURY

Joint inflammation (synovitis) can be caused by hard ground, and the associated jarring of joints causes pain and lameness. Horses’ joints have developed to handle concussive force, with cartilage providing a cushion on the two bone ends that come into contact within a joint. Straight joints, such as coffin joints, knees and hocks, take a lot of force from the ground and are more likely to develop issues such as arthritis, one of the most common causes of lameness. Cartilage is a smooth, resilient and elastic tissue that absorbs forces. In the early stages of arthritis, cartilage becomes damaged, so the joint can no longer absorb forces as effectively.

Diagnosis & treatment

X-rays can confirm the presence of arthritis, but may not be sensitive enough to identify mild forms of the disease. A combination of nerve blocks, X-rays and, occasionally, advanced imaging (such as CT or MRI scans) may be needed. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation within the joint, making the horse more comfortable and returning to normal function. Anti-inflammatories, such as corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, may be prescribed. Other treatments aim to improve joint lubrication. Prevention of joint injury involves spotting subtle signs of a potential issue quickly and allowing the horse sufficient time to recover after exercise. Cold hosing and icing limbs after work on hard ground will help, as will gentle exercise the day after a competition.