Four keys to depression not always hormonal
headache, anxiety, irritability and experiencing the blues are minor and shortlived. But a small number of females have severe and disabling symptoms that disrupt their studies, jobs, relationships or other areas of their lives. At that point, PMS may cross the line into premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) — a type of depression that generally requires treatment.
The exact interaction between depression and PMS remains unclear. It’s possible that cyclical changes in estrogen, progesterone and other hormones can disrupt the function of brain chemicals such as serotonin that control mood. Inherited traits, life experiences and other factors appear to play a role.
Pregnancy
Dramatic hormonal changes occur during pregnancy, and these can affect mood. Other issues also may increase the risk of developing depression during pregnancy or during attempts to become pregnant, such as:
Lifestyle or work changes or other life stressors Relationship problems Previous episodes of depression, postpartum depression or PMDD Lack of social support Unintended or unwanted pregnancy Miscarriage Infertility Stopping use of antidepressant medications
Postpartum depression
Many new mothers find themselves sad, angry and irritable, and experience crying spells soon after giving birth. These feelings — sometimes called the baby blues — are normal and generally subside within a week or two. But more-serious or longlasting depressed feelings may indicate postpartum depression, particularly if signs and symptoms include:
Low self-esteem or feeling like you’re a bad mom
Anxiety or feeling numb
Trouble sleeping, even when your baby is sleeping
Problems with daily functioning
Inability to care for your baby
Thoughts of harming your baby
Thoughts of suicide Postpartum depression is a serious medical condition requiring prompt treatment. It occurs in about 10 to 15 percent of women. It’s thought to be associated with:
Major hormonal fluctuations that influence mood
The responsibility of caring for a newborn
Predisposition to mood and anxiety disorders Birth complications Breast-feeding problems
Infant complications or special needs
Poor social support