U.S.-Afghan negotiations
Kerry, Karzai say deal in sight to ensure post-2014 presence. —
KABUL, Afghanistan — U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on Saturday said a partial agreement was reached with Afghanistan on a security accord, but the potentially deal-breaking issue of jurisdiction for American forces remains unresolved.
Kerry spoke with President Hamid Karzai after a series of meetings and repeated delays of his departure from Afghanistan. Both men said agreement had been reached on several contentious issues concerning sovereignty and the safety of Afghan citizens at the hands of American and allied troops that had deadlocked talks in the past year.
But Karzai said he would punt the issue of who has jurisdiction for any crimes committed by U.S. forces after 2014 to a national consultative assembly of tribal elders, or Loya Jirga, that he has asked to be convened within a month. Their opinion on whether to approve or reject an American demand that its forces be remanded to U.S. military courts would then be sent to the Afghan parliament.
“We have reached an agreement on the respect of national sovereignty, preventing civilian casualties, a definition for aggression and also the prevention of unilateral acts by foreign forces. We reached an agreement on that, but the issue of jurisdiction for foreign forces is above the authority of the Afghan government, and that is up to the Afghan people and the Loya Jirga,” Karzai said.
Kerry said any decision made by the Loya Jirga and parliament would be respected but that if the jurisdiction issue was not resolved, there would be no agreement.
In Iraq, a similar deal fell apart after U.S. officials were unable to reach an agreement with the Iraqis on the same issue that would have allowed a small training and counterterrorism force to remain there. The U.S. completely pulled out of Iraq after the deal collapsed.
The jurisdiction issue came to the fore after an American soldier, Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, killed 16 people in two villages in southern Afghanistan last year. He was convicted in August by a military court and sentenced to life in prison with no chance of release.
Kerry said the issue should not be equated with immunity, as it is perceived by many Afghans. He said the U.S. would prosecute any wrongdoing and that similar agreements existed with many countries, including Japan and South Korea.
Kerry began negotiations with Karzai in the morning, the second day of talks after he arrived late Friday. He left shortly after the last meeting, headed for Europe and the U.S.
Discussions had repeatedly stalled in recent weeks over Karzai’s demand for American guarantees against future foreign intervention from countries such as Pakistan, and U.S. demands for any post-2014 residual force to be able to conduct counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations.
The situation deteriorated last week after a series of comments from Karzai that the U.S. and NATO were violating Afghanistan’s sovereignty and inflicting suffering on its people.
Karzai has been reticent to sign a deal. He is keenly aware that leaders of his country historically have been punished for selling out to foreign interests and wants to make sure that any U.S.-Afghan agreement is not seen in that light.
Having nearly completed a second term, Karzai is not eligible to run in Afghanistan’s April 5 presidential elections.
There currently are an estimated 87,000 international troops in Afghanistan, including about 52,000 Americans. That number will be halved by February, and all foreign combat troops will be gone by the end of next year.
The U.S. wants to keep as many as 10,000 troops in the country to go after the remnants of al-Qaida, but if no agreement is signed, all U.S. troops would have to leave by Dec. 31, 2014. President Barack Obama said in an interview with The Associated Press that he would be comfortable with a full pullout of U.S. troops.