Puerto Rico at a loss
Blackouts plague power company saddled with debt, old gear; no light at tunnel’s end
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico — Spoiled food. Damaged appliances. Shuttered businesses.
A recent increase in power failures is taking a heavy toll on Puerto Rico as the U.S. territory’s heavily indebted public power company struggles to modernize decades-old equipment that is crumbling amid a deep economic crisis.
The frequent loss of power, coupled with rising electric bills, is spooking potential investors. It has frustrated business owners who complain of lost revenue and has forced homeowners to replace appliances damaged by unexpected surges.
“It’s never been worse,” Mariela Aguirre, a 49-year-old sales trainer, said of the weekly power failures in her neighborhood tucked in an upscale suburb near the capital. “This is turning into a Third World country.”
The cycle of homes and businesses being plunged into darkness only to be jolted awake by appliances that beep, whir and hum back to life has become common across the island for tens of thousands of Puerto Ricans such as Aguirre who cannot afford generators to offset the costly interruptions.
Last year, the island of 3.4 million people reported more than 54,000 power failures, a 24 percent increase compared with 2014. The blackouts in Puerto Rico overall are up to five times higher than those experienced by customers in the U.S. mainland, according to a report published in November by independent, U.S.-based experts at the request of a local commission in charge of improving the power company.
The scathing analysis of more than 200 pages says the power company faces an emergency that must be addressed immediately, warning that its generation and transmission infrastructure is “literally falling apart.”
The company “appears to be running on fumes, and in our opinion desperately requires an infusion of capital — monetary, human, and intellectual — to restore a functional utility,” the experts wrote.
But Puerto Rico’s government cannot provide any kind of cash infusion. It faces major budget cuts in coming months as it struggles to find revenue and restructure some $70 billion in public debt during a decadelong recession. The Electric Power Authority holds roughly $9 billion of that debt and has reached a tentative deal with bondholders after nearly three years’ worth of negotiations.
The power company hasn’t found new sources of revenue given that Puerto Rico has no access to the capital markets. Meanwhile, power interruptions continue to vex its more than 1.5 million customers.
“You hear all the pings, and you’re like, ‘Oh, God, everything’s going to break down on me,’” Elizabeth Laide, a 50-year-old swimming instructor, said of her appliances.
She lives near the capital of San Juan and has power failures twice a week lasting anywhere from six to 12 hours. Her washing machine already stopped working, and she keeps her grocery lists short because she doesn’t want food to spoil.
Laide also has stopped calling the power company.
“You get tired of waiting on the line,” she said. “It’s something you can’t fight.”
Edgardo Rivera, the new director of the power company’s transmission and distribution system, blamed the majority of interruptions on long overdue improvements that require crews to disconnect power for several hours.
“Of course we can do better, that’s our goal,” he said, adding that he expects the improvements to reduce the number of power failures.
But many Puerto Ricans re- main wary, especially after the entire island lost power in September in a three-day blackout that affected 1.5 million utility customers.
A fire at a main power plant caused the blackout, but most power failures are blamed on deferred maintenance, bad weather, overgrown trees, crumbling infrastructure and lack of skilled workers, according to the report by independent U.S. experts. The study noted that the power company’s workforce is now 22 percent smaller than it was in 2014. Interruptions also have become longer, now lasting more than two hours on average.
The company “is barely able to provide electric service with its present fleet and dispatches its units with software that was developed in 1985,” the experts said in their report. “Its approaches to problem-solving are often improvised, with results that are disastrous as often as they are admirable.”
The company also has been plagued by allegations of corruption and mismanagement and is now struggling with a fresh round of negotiations with bondholders.
More islanders demand that the company be privatized in hopes service will improve, but Puerto Rico economist Jose Joaquin Villamil considers that unrealistic.
“That requires a large investment, and it’s not very likely that a private firm will find this a very attractive proposition,” he said.
Puerto Ricans try to find humor in their situation. A popular meme during Puerto Rico’s recent undefeated run to the World Baseball Classic finals reads, “I ask that the power company give us electricity from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m.,” referring to the game’s scheduled time.
Islanders also have become used to the boom of exploding transformers followed by a string of expletives from those living or working nearby.
Jose Garriga, who owns a large Puerto Rico refrigeration and ventilation company, said the power at his headquarters near San Juan and other nearby properties goes out at least once a week.
“Sometimes you’ll have two transformers explode, one after another,” he said. “Everyone in Puerto Rico needs a generator. The system is broken.”
The scathing analysis of more than 200 pages says the power company faces an emergency that must be addressed immediately, warning that its generation and transmission infrastructure is “literally falling apart.”