Starvation a growing worry as war rages in South Sudan

Government, humanitarian groups warn of famine risk

JUBA, South Sudan — In war-torn South Sudan, 1.25 million people are facing starvation, double the number from the same time last year, according to a report by the United Nations and the government released Monday.

The country could once again plunge into famine in 2018, humanitarians and the government warn.

“The widespread and extreme food consumption gaps … should make us all extremely concerned about the worstcase scenario of famine in many locations across South Sudan in 2018,” said Katie Rickard, country coordinator for Reach, a humanitarian research initiative that provided data for the report.

Humanitarians blame the worsening situation on South Sudan’s continuing conflict, which is nearing its fifth year and has killed more than 50,000 people.

In February, the world’s youngest nation declared famine in two counties in Unity state, the world’s first formal famine declaration since Somalia in 2011. In the two South Sudanese counties, 100,000 people were on the brink of starvation, but catastrophe was avoided thanks to early detection and a rapid response, the U.N.’s World Food Program said.

However, the latest food and security analysis update by the U.N. and South Sudan’s National Bureau of Statistics is grim.

As of September, 6 million people — 56 percent of the population — were experiencing severe hunger, with 25,000 South Sudanese in humanitarian catastrophe in Ayod and Greater Baggari counties.

South Sudan’s widening war has made food production impossible and delivery of aid dangerous and difficult. Both Ayod and Greater Baggari are rebel-held areas, and residents say the situation in the two counties is dire.

“We ran out because of the hunger,” said a resident of Greater Baggari who recently fled with his family to the nearby town of Wau because they didn’t have any food. He spoke on condition of anonymity for his safety. The 52-year-old father of four said by phone that people are “dying of hunger” and that in the past year and a half he only saw humanitarians enter Baggari town three times.

“If the government doesn’t approve of people coming in to help, what can we do? We have nothing, we can just pray,” he said.

The government said there’s no policy of “discrimination” and that it is committed to helping “all South Sudanese,” said Isaiah Chol Aruai, chairman of the National Bureau of Statistics.

Rights groups are calling on all parties of the conflict to provide immediate and unfettered access to humanitarian agencies.

“Both government and opposition forces have used food as a weapon of war, ranging from restrictions to civilian access to food, actively preventing food from reaching certain areas, systematically looting food and markets and homes, and even targeting civilians carrying small amounts of food across front lines,” said Alicia Luedke, South Sudan researcher for Amnesty International.

On her first visit to the country in October, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, raised concerns about humanitarian access during a meeting with South Sudan’s president, Salva Kiir, according to a statement by his office.

Kiir told her that together with the U.N., South Sudan has been able to establish “mechanisms to improve access,” but he acknowledged that more needs to be done.

As South Sudan enters the dry season, residents and aid workers are expecting the situation to get worse.

Communities are becoming more desperate to feed their families, and people have started using “extreme coping strategies,” according to a report by Reach, including going into sparsely inhabited forests, swamps and grassland and finding “increasingly unhealthy wild plants” while they search for food.

“South Sudan is a catastrophe,” David Beasley, executive director of the World Food Program, said Monday. “It’s all man-made, greed, corruption, a lack of good governance.”

The current food crisis is a result of the country’s “manmade conflict,” said David Shearer, a U.N. representative in South Sudan.

This is especially true in the Equatoria regions, once known as the breadbasket of South Sudan, which today have the highest number of people who have fled their homes because of the conflict.

“South Sudan had ideal rainfall in most places this year,” said Shearer. “It’s not about climate, it’s actually about war.”

Information for this article was contributed by Edith M. Lederer of The Associated Press.