Interrupting ‘vicious cycle’ of depression
University trying different approach to help older folks
SEATTLE — Sitting in his Capitol Hill apartment, Russ Welti knew the answer to his problem. Still, he felt stuck, as a familiar sensation weighed on him.
Even in adolescence, he had faced depression. Now, at age 63, he was retired and taking care of aging parents, facing mobility issues that limited his ability to exercise, and enduring the short, dark days of Seattle winter.
He was on medication and had spent years in and out of talk therapy. Still, this time, he was unsure how to break the spell.
A mailer from Gen Pride, a local nonprofit aimed at serving older LGBTQ+ adults, kept appearing in his mailbox.
It advertised a program, Do More, Feel Better, a research project from the University of Washington that trains coaches across Washington state to help adults 60 and older break through their depression.
“I was reluctant to do it, but I kept seeing it for like six months,” Welti said.
Researchers were searching for volunteers to join as test subjects. One group would receive traditional psychotherapy from a mental health counselor. The other group would get connected to a trained coach and meet with them over Zoom or a phone call for nine weeks as part of a depression intervention.
“I’m sitting there (thinking) I don’t want to do that, but the name ‘Do More, Feel Better’ was calling me,” Welti said.
These coaches would be peers — older adults from senior centers around the state who would undergo their own curriculum to
then help participants manage their depression.
The million-dollar question was: Would the trained coaches do as well as the professionals and, if so, what could this mean for treating more people?
The program is a few years in the making. It’s funded by the National Institute of Mental Health in an attempt to bring more accessible services to the state and a nation grappling with a shortage of mental health professionals, even as more people face illnesses like depression and anxiety.
According to a 2023 report from the American Psychological Association, 37% of surveyed adults said they have a diagnosed mental health condition, and almost half said they wish they had someone to help them manage their stress. Chronic illnesses like high blood pressure or cholesterol, which can be stress-related, have also
risen over the past few years, according to the report.
Although adults 65 and older had the fewest mental health diagnoses compared to younger age groups, 74% of them in the report also felt like their problems were not “bad enough” to be stressed about, believing others have it worse, indicating that older adults downplay their own stress levels.
When it comes to depression, “invariably, if somebody’s feeling sad and not interested, they do less,” said Patrick Raue, a clinical psychologist and psychiatry professor at the University of Washington leading the research.
“They’re withdrawing from other people. They isolate themselves. They’re not as physically active or involved in their recreation and hobbies. We counteract that vicious cycle by helping (them) get in touch with things that are important,
that are rewarding or enjoyable and give (them) a sense of accomplishment.”
So far, the team has four Spanish-speaking coaches and four who provide services in English. They’re supervised by
Raue through check-ins, and calls with clients are recorded to make sure coaches follow the curriculum. Coaches provide remote, weekly sessions to an estimated 60 people who are paid $150 to participate in the program.
The overall process
Raue developed is based on what’s called behavioral activation. It falls under the umbrella of cognitive behavioral therapy, a gold standard for treating anxiety and depression.
Raue and his team are still collecting data, as are colleagues in New York and Florida, but the hope is that the program will prove to be a useful, low-cost intervention that’s potentially scalable to senior centers
across the U.S.
“It’s a high bar, but we’re doing our best and we’re getting really good results,” Raue said.
An article from the National Council on Aging published last year found that clients in Florida reported reduced severity of their depressive symptoms and loneliness through the program.
Do More, Feel Better is inspired by an international movement in countries that are similarly facing a dearth of providers. For example, in Uganda, clinicians have been taught how to operate ultrasound machines to help understaffed emergency departments.
The philosophy, called task shifting or task sharing, comes from the health care sector where staff are trained to provide certain services and are then able to meet the needs of more patients. This can include midwives or lay people who can assist in the health care world without traditional training.
“It’s looking to empower community members to be able to provide this care for people within their community,” said Alex Dillabaugh, a research assistant at the university working with Raue to reach the Latino community.
Coaches are encouraged to help clients focus on specific, tangible goals. Rather than a general outcome like losing weight, they advise clients to set a plan to take a 20-minute walk outside a few times a week. Other clients return to hobbies like knitting or try new activities.
As the nine weeks come to an end, clients create their own plans to stay healthy and active, find their own motivation and become their own coach.
Elizabeth Hansen was trained last spring and is now a coach for adults who speak Spanish. She found the training meaningful for herself and others.
“It’s been very rewarding to let them know that depression, it’s another illness like diabetes, but we can work it out with the help of this program,” she said.
Welti said he went into the coaching sessions feeling skeptical. As he put it, he already expected that doing more activities, like cleaning and cooking, would make him feel better, based on his experiences in therapy. What he didn’t expect was the connection with his coach.
“I wasn’t expecting the level of energy and focus that she applied. It was a lot more than any shrink or therapist,” Welti said, laughing, reflecting on times he’s paid mental health practitioners up to $120 an hour but didn’t feel they were fully present.
“She was on my (expletive)! She was really attentive, and she heard every word.”