Monitoring necessary for congenital eye condition
QMy 10-month-old Maltese pup has been diagnosed with congenital corneal dystrophy. It affects both of his eyes, but he seems to be managing pretty well. My vet told me he doesn’t need medication for now but other things could develop later and he should have annual checks for eye pressure and overall eye health. How common is this condition? Is there really nothing that can be done? He seems to bump into things in unfamiliar areas but is fine at home. I simply want to leave no stone unturned.
ACorneal dystrophy is an inherited disorder that progresses over time and does affect both eyes by giving them a bluish tinge. White or gray lesions are also possible.
It is not uncommon and the corneas are where changes are seen. Interestingly, the Maltese is not a typically cited breed to develop this, but all breeds can be affected and the inherited cause is not specified.
Technically, there are three types of this disorder, and in many cases, vision is normal. The most common of the subtypes in young dogs like yours is epithelial corneal dystrophy, and it progresses slowly over time. This is probably why rechecks are suggested and annual physical exams should allow for proper monitoring.
This should include checking eye pressure to ensure that glaucoma does not develop and checking for anything else that might crop up, such as corneal ulcers. It would be appropriate to also check tear production at the same time. If your dog seems to have pain in his eyes, excess tearing, redness or squinting, then have him seen right away. He could be developing a painful ulcer.
There really is nothing else to be done. Your dog should be able to adjust his vision over time, tolerate his condition quite well and otherwise live a normal life.