Inspired Pete Townshend to smash guitars in concerts

LONDON — Gustav Metzger, whose concept of “auto- destructive art” inspired The Who’s Pete Townshend to smash his guitars, has died at age 90.

Publicist Erica Bolton said Mr. Metzger died Wednesday at his London home.

Born to Polish Jewish parents in Nuremberg, Germany in 1926, Mr. Metzger was one of thousands of “Kindertransport” children brought to Britain from Nazi- occupied Europe in 1939. Most of his family died in the Holocaust.

Mr. Metzger studied art in Cambridge, London, Antwerp and Oxford and also became politically engaged, active in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and the anti- war group the Committee of 100. In 1961, he was briefly imprisoned with philosopher Bertrand Russell and other members of the group for encouraging civil disobedience.

In 1959, Mr. Metzger produced a manifesto for “auto- destructive art,” which he described as “a desperate last- minute subversive political weapon” against capitalism and consumerism. The idea was to meld destruction and creation.

One artwork saw Mr. Metzger applying acid to nylon sheets so they disintegrated — creating a new view.

Townshend studied under Mr. Metzger and has said the artist inspired him to destroy guitars onstage at the climax of The Who’s 1960s shows. Psychedelic projections by the artist were used as a backdrop during shows by The Who and Cream.

Mr. Metzger said the seeds of his art were sown in his German childhood.

“When I saw the Nazis march, I saw machine- like people and the power of the Nazi state,” he told The Guardian in 2012. “Autodestructive art is to do with rejecting power.”

Mr. Metzger used varied and sometimes unconventional materials in his work, including paper, cardboard, trees, chemicals and cars.

In 2004, London’s Tate Britain gallery displayed a Metzger installation that included a bag of garbage. A cleaner mistook it for real trash and threw it out.