Chicago Daily Tribune

ON JULY 19 ...

In 1553 Lady Jane Grey, 15, was deposed after nine days as Queen of England, and King Henry VIII’s daughter Mary was proclaimed queen.

In 1814 Samuel Colt, inventor of the Colt revolver, was born in Hartford, Conn.

In 1834 impressionist painter Edgar Degas was born in Paris.

In 1848 a women’s rights convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott opened in Seneca Falls, N.Y.

In 1865 Charles Mayo, the surgeon who founded, with his brother, the Mayo Clinic, was born in Rochester, Minn.

In 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began.

In 1943 Allied planes staged their first raid on Rome in World War II.

In 1944, the Democratic national convention convened in Chicago with the nomination of President Franklin D. Roosevelt considered a certainty.

In 1969 Apollo 11 and its astronauts — Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins — went into orbit around the moon.

In 1975 the Apollo and Soyuz space capsules separated after being linked in orbit for two days.

In 1979 Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, fell to Sandinista rebels, two days after President Anastasio Somoza fled the country.

In 1980 the Summer Olympics began in Moscow, minus dozens of nations that were boycotting the Games because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

In 1984 Rep. Geraldine Ferraro, D-N.Y., was voted Walter Mondale’s running mate at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco.

In 1985 Christa McAuliffe, of New Hampshire, was chosen by NASA to be its first schoolteacher in a space shuttle crew. (McAuliffe and six other crew members died in January 1986 when the shuttle Challenger exploded soon after launching.)

In 1989 112 people were killed when a United Air Lines DC-10 crashed while making an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa; 184 people survived.

In 1990 Pete Rose, Major League Baseball’s all-time hits leader, was sentenced to 5 months in prison for tax evasion.

In 1996 opening ceremonies were held for the Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

In 2005 President George W. Bush announced his choice of federal appeals court judge John Roberts Jr. to replace Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor. (Roberts ended up succeeding Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who died in September 2005.)

In 2012 former Republican fundraiser Stuart Levine, one of the most significant government informants in Chicago’s history of public corruption, was sentenced to 5 1/2 years in prison after his cooperation helped unravel the corrupt administration of former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich.

In 2014 James Garner, film and TV actor best known for his television roles in “Maverick” and “The Rockford Files,” died in Los Angeles; he was 86.

In 2016 Republicans nominated Donald Trump as their presidential standard-bearer, capping the billionaire businessman’s stunning takeover of the GOP and propelling him into a November faceoff with Democrat Hillary Clinton.