Doing right by people with disabilities

More efforts needed in Asia to reduce barriers to education, employment and political participation

As the world observed International Day of Persons with Disabilities on Dec 3, we honor the leadership of persons with disabilities and their tireless efforts to build a more inclusive, accessible and sustainable world. At the same time, we resolve to work harder to ensure a society that is open and accommodating of all.

An estimated 690 million persons with disabilities live in the AsiaPacific region. Many of them are excluded from socioeconomic and political participation.

Available data suggest that persons with disabilities are almost half as likely to be employed as people without disabilities. They are also half as likely to have voted in an election, and are underrepresented in government decisionmaking bodies. Just about 0.5 percent of parliamentarians in the region are persons with disabilities. Women with disabilities are even less likely to be employed and hold only 0.1 percent of national parliament positions.

One of the main reasons behind these exclusions is a lack of accessibility. Public transportation and the built environment in general — including public offices, polling stations, workplaces, markets and other essential structures — lack ramps, walkways and basic accessibility features.

Accessibility, however, goes beyond the commonly thought of physical structures. Barriers to access to services and information and communications technology must also be removed to allow for the participation of persons with diverse types of disabilities, including persons with intellectual disabilities and hearing and vision impairments.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns have exacerbated existing inequalities. Many persons with disabilities face increased health concerns due to comorbidities and were left without access to their personal assistants and essential goods and services. As much of society moved online during lockdowns, inaccessible digital infrastructure meant persons with disabilities could not access

public health information or online employment opportunities.

Despite these challenges, persons with disabilities and their organizations were among the first to respond to the immediate needs of their communities for food and supplies during lockdowns in addition to continuing their long-term work to support vulnerable groups.

The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific partnered with several of these organizations to support their work during the pandemic. Samarthyam, a civil society organization in India led by a woman with disabilities, has trained many men and women with disabilities to conduct accessibility audits in their home districts. With these skills, they are becoming leaders and advocates in their communities, and working to improve the accessibility of essential buildings everywhere.

Another ESCAP partner, the National Council for the Blind of Malaysia, is working to improve digital accessibility by training a group of persons with diverse disabilities in web access auditing, accessible e-publishing and strategic advocacy. The council hopes to support participants in forming a social enterprise for web auditing and accessible publishing, creating employment opportunities and enabling persons with disabilities to lead efforts to improve online accessibility.

Women and men with disabilities have been leaders and champions to break barriers to make a difference in the Asia-Pacific region. On Dec 3, the ESCAP launched a report titled “Disability at a Glance 2021: The Shaping of Disability-inclusive Employment in Asia and the Pacific”, which highlights some innovative approaches to making employment more inclusive, and recommends how to further reduce employment gaps.

Adjusting to a post-COVID-19 world presents an opportunity for governments to reassess and implement policies aimed at increasing the number of persons with disabilities in employment and enhancing their participation in decision-making bodies and society.

Accessibility issues have an impact on not only persons with disabilities but also other people in need of assistance, including older persons, pregnant women or those with injuries. The implementation of policies with universal design, which create environments and services that are useable by all people, benefits the whole society. So governments should mainstream universal design principles into national development plans, not just in disability-specific laws and policies.

As a global leader in disabilityinclusive development for over 30 years, the Asia-Pacific region has set an example by adopting the world’s first set of disability-specific development goals in the Incheon Strategy to “Make the Right Real”. Meeting the Incheon Strategy goals will require governments to intensify their efforts to reduce barriers to education, employment and political participation.

At the ESCAP, we know that achieving an inclusive and sustainable post-COVID-19 world will only be possible with increased leadership and participation of persons with disabilities.