Fighting the plastic waste scourge
The world must redouble efforts to combat environmental catastrophe via recycling, other steps
When plastic was introduced in the United States in the 1950s, it was seen as the wonder material. We could preserve food better, make cars and aircraft lighter and protect against dangerous bacteria. But as often happens in human life, when we discover something good, we get addicted. We start overusing it.
There are three main reasons why humanity needs to overcome its addiction to plastic.
Plastics have no role in nature. They are causing an environmental catastrophe. A whale died in Thailand recently. It vomited plastic bags while passing away. Sea birds dive down mistaking plastics for shellfish. They perish, as do camels, cows and turtles, in all corners of the planet.
Single-use plastic is an additional economic disaster. Who will swim along the wonderful beaches in Hainan province, in Sri Lanka or in Bali, if it means entering a sea of plastics?
Plastics enter our bodies. We breathe plastic, we drink plastic and we eat plastic. Bigger plastic items fragment in nature and get into our bodies as microplastics. Fish carry plastics. Even the most pristine waters of the world, in the Himalayas or the Arctic, now contain microplastics. We do not know exactly how microplastics affect the human body. But no one has suggested that is good for us.
Fortunately, we know how to solve the plastic crisis. The solution does not involve costly high tech or impossible international diplomacy. Every nation can act, without looking over their shoulder asking what others are doing.
The cleanest nation in the world is the most improbable place. In small, poor, landlocked Rwanda you cannot find garbage in the streets. The capital city of Kigali is absolutely clean. “All Rwandans keep clean at home”, President Paul Kagame told me. We just need to transform that spirit to the community at large. The solution is three-fold. First, we should prohibit all singleuse plastics we do not need. Let us simply ban straws, plastic cutlery, plastic cups and bags. This is what the Indian government has done even if it is not yet fully respected everywhere. The European Union has done the same. We can all drink straight from a normal glass, without straws. In average, one North American uses 600 straws a year.
We can be a lot more innovative. Straws can be made from bamboo or from paper. Indians have through millenniums eaten from plates made of banana leaves. All over the planet startups are trying to make products with the characteristics of plastics from potatoes, sugar cane and many other natural materials. If we throw away natural products, they will disintegrate in nature.
China’s delivery industry, for example, annually produces about 1.8 million metric tons of plastic waste. Bamboo, which is fast-growing, resilient and sustainable, can be used as a substitute for single-use plastics, while being recyclable and eco-friendly. Planting bamboo can restore degraded or deforested land, mitigate soil erosion and provide food for giant pandas and mountain gorillas.
Second, we need to recycle. Yes, we can ban single-use plastics, but we still have many plastic products which are useful to us and not so easy to replace. A normal car contains many kilos of plastics; it makes the car lighter and consumes less energy. These plastics must be brought in and recycled.
Between 2011 and 2020, China recycled 170 million tons of plastic waste, helping reduce crude oil consumption by 510 million tons and cut carbon emissions by 61.2 million tons. China has grown into the largest plastic recycling country in the world. It recycled about one-third of its new plastic waste in 2021, about 1.7 times the global average.
Beijing is making headway in this regard, requiring the city’s courier services to step up and fully transform the packaging practice, switching to digital waybills, narrower packaging tape and recyclable bags. The city of Shanghai, and provinces such as Shanxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian are taking similar measures, all in alignment with a 2020 directive from the Chinese government.
Hangzhou, the host city of the postponed 2022 Asian Games, scheduled to take place in September, is set to make the Games a showcase of its “zero-waste city “endeavor and create a “zero-waster” model for large-scale sporting events.
Third, let the market wave its magic wand. All countries should introduce Extended Producer Responsibility. That is the polluterpays principle for the plastics era. A company which contributes to the plastic crisis should also be held responsible for funding the solution. With extended producer responsibility, companies will be engaged in driving the technology for change.
They will have to pay a levy on plastics which governments can use to organize plastic collection and pay for large-scale recycling.
Waste is a potential resource. We can turn it into new products, creating jobs and prosperity, and protecting Mother Earth at the same time.
Individuals can also act. Afroz Shah is an Indian environmental activist best known for organizing the world’s largest beach clean-up project, inspiring people around the world to clean up their environment.
What started as an individual following his heart to act, became a vast movement for political and business change. A young Sri Lankan, Nishanka De Silva, started Zero Plastics Sri Lanka in the midst of the economic meltdown of his home country. I thought it was impossible to mobilize young people for green action amid the crisis. Incredibly, young Sri Lankans turned out in droves.
The global people’s movement to fight single-use plastics is still in its early days. But there is no doubt it will be successful. China will continue to play a critical role in solutions. As we marked World Environment Day on June 5, let us join hands to beat plastic pollution.