Greenhouse gases surge to new highs

TAMPA, Florida — Planetwarming greenhouse gases surged to new highs as abnormally hot temperatures swept the globe and ice melted at record levels in the Arctic last year due to climate change, a new report said on Wednesday.

The annual State of the Climate Report, compiled by more than 450 scientists from nearly 60 countries, describes worsening climate conditions worldwide in 2017, the same year that US President Donald Trump pulled out of the landmark Paris climate deal.

The 300-page report issued by the American Meteorological Society and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, mentioned the word “abnormal” a dozen times, referring to storms, droughts, scorching temperatures and record low ice cover in the Arctic.

Here are its key findings:

Greenhouse gas surge

Last year, the top three most dangerous greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere — carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide — reached record highs.

The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at the Earth’s surface climbed to 405 parts per million, “the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800,000 years”, it said. “The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s.”

Heat records

The record for the hottest year in modern times was set in 2016, but 2017 was not far behind, with “much-warmerthan-average conditions” across most of the world, it said.

Annual record high temperatures were observed in Argentina, Bulgaria, Spain and Uruguay, while Mexico “broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year”.

Smashing more heat records, temperatures reached 43.4 C on Jan 27, 2017, at Puerto Madryn, Argentina, “the highest temperature ever recorded so far south anywhere in the world”.

The world’s highest temperature for May was observed on May 28, 2017, in Turbat, Pakistan, with a high of 42.8 C.

“The 10 warmest years on record have all occurred since 1998, with the four warmest years occurring since 2014,” said the report.

Abnormal Arctic

Unprecedented heat enveloped the Arctic, where land surface temperature was 1.6 C above the 1981-2010 average.

Arctic temperatures were the second highest — after 2016 — since records began in 1900.

“Today’s abnormally warm Arctic air and sea surface temperatures have not been observed in the last 2,000 years,” it said.

And glaciers across the world shrank for the 38th year in a row. “Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier,” it said.

Record sea level

Global sea level reached record high in 2017 for the sixth consecutive year.

The world’s average sea level is now 7.7 centimeters higher than in 1993.

“I think of the oceans like a freight train,” oceanographer Gregory Johnson from NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory told reporters.

“If we were to freeze greenhouse gases at the level they are today, the oceans would continue to warm and seas would continue to rise for centuries to millennia.”

Extreme rain

Precipitation in 2017 “was clearly above the long-term average”, the report said.

Warmer ocean temperatures have led to increasing moisture in the air, particularly in the last three years, causing more rain.

Climate change can also exacerbate extreme weather.

Some parts of the world suffered extended droughts, demonstrating that “extreme precipitation is not evenly distributed across the globe”.