China Daily Global Edition (USA)
Japan’s aging farmers face uncertain future
KAZO, Japan — A crop once deemed so important it served as a form of currency, Japanese rice has fallen out of favor with younger, Westernized consumers, in a shift that has left aging farmers struggling for survival.
Rice consumption has nearly halved over the past 50 years, and as the older generation of farmers and consumers dies out, some fear the industry will be unable to hold its own in a competitive global market.
Kazuo Ogura, a 66-year-old farmer, is one of the lucky ones. His son Yuichi decided to follow him into the family business.
Ogura senior looks on proudly as his 38-year-old son uses a specially designed machine to plant this year’s harvest, splashing through golden paddy fields that stretch as far as the eye can see.
Surviving in this tough environment is all about “producing quality food at a reasonable price” and harnessing economies provided by large-scale production, Ogura said.
The future of his establishment in Kazo, 50 kilometers north of Tokyo, looks assured as Yuichi follows in his muddy footsteps, but farms all over Japan are dying as farmers age — the average age of a rice farmer is now 67.
“I was the only one out of 220 students at my local school who went into farming,” Yuichi said.
“There are not many people in their twenties who go into farming.”
The Oguras have managed to stay competitive so far by joining forces with two other families to farm around 100 hectares of rice fields — nearly 100 times the size of the average plot.
Although rice consumption in Japan has been falling for more than half a century, the crop’s exalted status in Japanese culture — where it even serves a religious purpose in Shinto rituals — has ensured its survival until now.
Generous subsidies aimed at controlling supplies and prices have made rice farming one of Japan’s most protected industries, but Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s government scrapped the policy this year, urging farmers to become more competitive. Japanese agriculture is “at turning point”, Ken Saito, a who was farm minister until a reshuffle this month, told reporters.
“Farmers have to think about producing food that sells. More than ever, they have to be attuned to the market,” he said.
Rice reduction
But even a surge in cheaper imported varieties of rice is unlikely to shift the palates of Japanese consumers, who generally prefer their homegrown, short-grain variety to foreign versions.
Fewer Japanese people are eating rice in general, with annual per capita consumption dropping to 54.6 kg in 2015, less than half of its 1963 peak of 118.3 kg, according to the farm ministry.
Mitsuyoshi Ando, an agriculture expert at the University of Tokyo, said there was “no bright future” for the industry.
“Rice farmers need to improve their competitiveness. Large-scale production is also necessary,” Ando said.
And with subsidies set to wind down, “the number of farmers who can survive will be limited as rice consumption will never increase again”, he added.
drop in consumption of rice in Japan over the past 50 years.