Myths and misconceptions about autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, is a class of neurological conditions present from early childhood and is often characterized by difficulty communicating, using language and understanding abstract concepts.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that an estimated one out of 42 boys and one in 189 girls are diagnosed with ASD in the United States. The CDC uses health and school records for children who are part of the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network to arrive at these statistics. ASD is now diagnosed in roughly one out of every 68 children in Canada, and has become the fastest growing and most commonly diagnosed neurological disorder in that country.

Even though ASD is widely recognized, studied and discussed, myths and misconceptions about the disorder continue to circulate. Shedding light on ASD can help caregivers, peers and anyone who routinely interacts with individuals who fall on the spectrum.

ASD is multifaceted

Although “autism” and “ASD” are often used interchangeably, these names do not define one specific disorder. The American Psychiatric Association merged four previously distinct diagnoses together to form the umbrella term of ASD in 2013, which was revised in the fifth edition of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.” However, it’s important to note that an ASD diagnosis is ever-fluid and medical professionals continue to conduct extensive research that may modify earlier definitions of the disorder or render previous classifications outdated.

Generally speaking, ASD is often perceived through communication deficits that can include misinterpreted or nonverbal interactions. Individuals also may have challenges in bonding/ friendship development.

People with ASD can understand and express emotion

Although communication troubles may be present, people with ASD can and do feel emotions. But they may not be able to express these emotions as easily or as clearly as others can. Also, just because someone has ASD doesn’t mean he or she is unable to understand the emotions of others. But the person may need firm and direct indications of how another person is feeling to understand. Reading body language or tone of voice alone may be inadequate to someone with ASD. Schoolaged children can learn from this, recognizing that someone with ASD may want to have friends and socialize, but he or she may not know how to facilitate these engagements.

ASD does not produce carbon-copy symptoms

Characteristics of ASD can vary widely from person to person. One person’s limitations or abilities may not be present in another.

ASD is not just a children’s disease

There is no cure for ASD, and symptoms may not be reversible, which means that ASD is a lifelong condition. Children who are diagnosed will grow into young people and adults with ASD. Many treatments and therapies are geared toward early intervention, but adults can benefit from continued work as well. Adults with ASD can lead successful, independent lives.

Autism spectrum disorder is more prevalent than ever. However, despite the recognition of ASD, many people do not understand the nuances involved with a diagnosis.