Should the PGA be sued for antitrust violation?

Q A number of pro golfers have joined a new organization, LIV Golf. Since then, the PGA has suspended them and they are no longer eligible to compete in PGA Tour events. Are the actions of the PGA such that an antitrust lawsuit ought to be filed?

— L.N., San Clemente

A A key goal of antitrust laws is to promote an open-market economy and to guard against one entity or group having a monopoly in a specific industry. Certain business activities therefore are proscribed, such as bid rigging, price fixing and anti-competitive manipulation.

The PGA's explanation for suspending players who have joined the other group is that they cannot rightfully continue to demand the PGA Tour's membership benefits and opportunities after joining the other association. A question invariably arises: Isn't it more beneficial to have competition in the professional golf ranks?

Bottom line, I believe the PGA's actions will be appealed and/or challenged in part because of concern the PGA may be seeking not to just stifle competition, but also to inhibit and prevent it.

How it will play out is hard to predict.

Q Who enforces golf rules?

— L.K., Monrovia

A The rules of golf are administered by two bodies:

• The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, which governs all territories with the exceptions of the United States and Mexico.

• The United States Golf Association.

Q How can you become a golf rules official here in the U.S.?

— R.K., Carson

A Research indicates that USGA rules officials are volunteers who serve on USGA committees. Most get started by attending a Rules of Golf Workshop put on by the USGA/PGA and volunteering with their Allied Golf Association or local PGA section.

Ron Sokol has been a practicing attorney for over 35 years, and has also served many times as a judge pro tem, mediator, and arbitrator. It is important to keep in mind that this column presents a summary of the law, and is not to be treated or considered legal advice, let alone a substitute for actual consultation with a qualified professional.