College certificates a booming business
Explosive growth leads to concerns about a lack of oversight.
Professional certificates expedite job training and are a booming business for institutions like Sinclair Community College, where certificates last year made up more than 60 percent of the academic credentials awarded by the school.
But the explosive growth of these short-term programs has led to concerns over a lack of oversight.
In Ohio, new college degree programs must be approved by the state department of higher education and sometimes by a regional accrediting body. But, only one type of certificate faces an individual layer of oversight from an outside agency.
“That’s an enormous concern,” said Andrew Hanson, a research analyst at Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce. “There’s a strong bias in the community that some of these aren’t worth the paper that they’re printed on.”
Local community college administrators say their own internal processes are rigorous and aligned to meet workforce demands.
The programs also are reviewed frequently to gauge whether they are needed, Sinclair Provost David Collins said.
“We’re constantly look- ing to keep our curriculum fresh,” Collins said. “It’s really an ongoing effort to try to make sure that what we offer is relevant to the needs of the entire community.”
Varying degrees of oversight
The certificates that face the least outside oversight are created and approved in-house at colleges, often in collaboration with a local employer. Colleges have to notify the state that they plan to offer such certificates, but there is no mechanism by which the state can forbid schools from offering them.
A second type of certifi- cate, such as one for an EMT, carries a technical designa- tion and must be state-ap- proved. A third type is carved out of a full degree and is typically used as a benchmark that serves as a more “achievable goal that people can see themselves accomplishing,” Sinclair’s Collins said.
The varying degrees of oversight have been a con- cern for the Ohio Department of Higher Education, said Brett Visger, associate vice chancellor for institutional collaboration and completion. For that reason, Ohio has tried to push schools toward offering certificates with technical designations and those embedded within already approved degrees, he said.
“That reduces the oppor- tunity for malfeasance,” Visger said.
Sinclair offers around 168 certificates and 55 do not fall into the categories the state encourages colleges to seek. Clark State Community College offers 18 certificates and around a third don’t fall into the two encouraged categories, said Aimee BelangerHaas, Clark State dean of business and applied technologies.
Although community colleges have historically been the schools that offer certificates, universities have recently gotten into the busi- ness. Wright State University, Miami University and the University of Dayton all offer certificate programs.
Absence of data
The extent to which certificates help people earn higher-paying jobs is hard to gauge.
Ohio tracks job placement for students with “less than associate degree awards,” but it does not specifically measure the placement rate of certificate holders from colleges and universities, ODHE spokesman Jeff Robinson said.
Hanson said colleges and government need to do a better job tracking perfor- mance.
“In a lot of cases we don’t know because we don’t have data,” Hanson said.
The statistics that are ava ilable show a mixed bag: The majority may pay off for workers, but some clearly don’t. Hanson esti- mates there isn’t a known job market for about 45 percent of the certificates awarded.
Pay for certificate holders also varies widely, with workers holding certificates in the fields of science, tech- nology, math or engineer- ing earning more. On aver- age, workers with certificates earn around 20 percent more than people with just a high school diploma, according to Georgetown’s Center on Education and the Workforce.
Clark State’s Belanger-Haas said community colleges are responding to the desires of employers in the region.
“We don’t want to create a certificate that’s worthless,” she said. “Basically, it’s our employers that are standing behind them.”
Fast-growing sector
Certificates are the fast- est growing sector of higher education.
The number of certificates colleges award each year has grown by 70 percent over the past two decades, according to Georgetown University. With a high demand, few hoops to jump through and low overhead costs, it’s easy for colleges to create certificate programs and turn a profit.
“It is a big business,” Hanson said. “This is the way that they make money.”
Sinclair awarded a record number of academic credentials last year, driven largely by the number of certificates it handed out. Of the 5,047 academic credentials during the 2016-2017 school year, 3,148 were certificates, according to the college.
Sinclair spokesman Adam Murka said it’s difficult to measure the direct financial impact certificate offerings have on the school’s budget, in part because students frequently earn a certificate while completing a larger degree.
At the University of Dayton, which has 30 certificate offerings — including three new ones being offered this year — the programs are seen as a response to the training requirements needed by employers, said Amy Anderson, UD associate provost for global and intercultural affairs.
“Employer surveys tell us that intercultural competencies are among the top three things employers are looking for in the graduates today,” she said. “The certificate gives students the experience and background to be able to demonstrate to future employers their global competencies and the things they have learned.”