Booming Africa deserves more U.S. attention
When experts discuss major international and geopolitical hotspots around the world, the list usually includes places such as China, Russia and the Middle East. Those are all rightfully mentioned given national security and global competitiveness concerns.
Yet a focus only on those hotspots overlooks the strategic importance of Africa. It should not be overlooked, with a primary reason being the continent’s future growth.
While many other regions of the world will have flat or declining populations in the decades to come, Africa’s population is exploding. According to projections, the continent will grow from 1 billion people in 2015 to 4 billion in 2100.
Asia’s population growth is projected to flatten out, while Europe’s population is projected to be smaller in 2050 than in 2015.
And while the rest of the world is getting older, Africa’s population is getting younger. Because human capital is vital to economic growth and prosperity, this younger, growing population can serve as a real opportunity for the continent — if Africa ensures its citizens are able to live long and healthy lives.
It is also essential that strong support systems in education and health exist on the continent. While some progress has been made in education, there is a still a long way to go and the growing population only makes rapid progress more important. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, sub-Saharan Africa has the highest number of out-ofschool youth in the world; over one-fifth of children between the ages of 6 and 11 and one-third of children between the ages of 12 and 14 are out of school.
Future success is predicated on developing the knowledge, skills and talents of this growing population of young people. That is especially crucial because the continent is among the world’s most rapidly growing economic regions.
Some of the most significant progress in recent decades in Africa has been in health. The maternal and child death rate has declined, HIV is reaching epidemic control in many countries, and malaria infections have decreased. These advances mean that life expectancy has increased and chances are higher than ever that people are leading healthy and productive lives.
Good governance is also key to Africa’s prosperity. Rule of law, transparency, accountability and economic opportunity lead to stable societies and higher quality of life. The Ibrahim Index of African Governance shows that over the last 10 years, 34 out of 54 countries have improved their government performance. We also need to keep an eye out for the growing presence of terrorist organizations on the continent.
China and Russia are doing their best to exert more political and economic influence on the continent. China is a major consumer of natural resources from Africa. And promoting good governance has not been at the top of China’s agenda, further exacerbating progress on the continent.
Add up all of these intertwining factors — the significant population growth and opportunities for the continent with a set of challenges that could limit its potential — and it’s clear that Africa deserves the attention and support of American foreign policy makers. The rest of us would do well to closely watch this dynamic, changing continent.