The lonely plight of theGreat BarrierReef
CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA — Diving beneath the ocean, Russell Hosp swam toward the limestone bed of the Great Barrier Reef, where he reattached bits of blue staghorn coral. With tourists gone, he was filling the void with this small act of conservation, which took his mind off the uncertain future on land.
“It was a bit surreal,” Hosp, a reef guide, said of spending hours at sea unaccompanied by the usual enthusiastic visitors. Aboard the quiet catamaran, he said, he realized just howmuch the coronavirus “had changed the world.”
Thepandemichas fast-forwarded a looming reckoning for the tropical city of Cairns, the main gateway to the reef and the base for Hosp and many others whose livelihoods depend on it.
Tour operators therewere alreadyfighting aperception that the reef is in its death throes, as warming waters cause repeated mass bleaching that has robbed many corals of their vivid colors. But where climate change has been more of a creeping threat to the reef’s survival, and thus to Cairns’ tourism lifeblood, the coronavirus has delivered ahammer blow.
Now this city, so linked with the natural wonder just off its shore that it can scarcely imagine life without the visitorswho come in droves, has been forced to confront the prospect that it can no longer depend on tourists.
Foreign and local travelers, already deterred by last summer’s devastating bush fires and now locked out by Australia’s international and domestic travel bans, have all but vanished, and a $4.6 billion industry built around the world’s largest living structure has ground
to a near halt.
The sudden disappearance of visitors feels all the more unreal because the virus itself has barely touched Cairns: The city of 150,000 people in far northeastern Australia has recorded only a couple of dozen cases and has none currently.
But there is no escaping the reach of the pandemic.
“We’d never stopped running before — the global financial crisis, terrorism attacks, airline strikes; you name it, the world has thrown it at us,” Hosp said. “We don’t knowifwe’ll ever get back to normal.”
In Cairns, visitors who usually cramthe jetty every morning as they wait to pile onto boats have dwindled fromthe thousands to a few hundred, leaving operators out of work, boats moored at the dock, and some hotels and restaurants shuttered.
Storefronts on the main drag are for lease, and the esplanade, usually heaving with tourists at dusk, looks likesomethingoutof a sleepy beach town.
“It’s been so quiet,” said HeatherForbes, aCairns resident, adding that because the city had been dependent on tourism for so long, itwas difficult to knowhow to diversify its economy.
“I don’t think anywhere should be solely dependent on one thing,” she said.
It might seem that there was a silver lining in all this, that the exodus of tourists would be a boon for the health of a reef in critical condition.
But while the abrupt absence of visiting crowds has had surprising effects in other places — monkeys overrunning a city in Thailand, deerwandering cities in Japan looking for food — the environmental impact of tourism on the reef is negligible, scientists say, especiallywhen compared with climate change.
The reduction in international travel, and therefore planet-warming emissions, has created only a short- term benefit. The “infrastructure of fossil fuels wasn’t affected,” said professor Terry Hughes, a
global expert on coral reefs at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.
In the end, a prolonged downturn in visits to the reef could actually be detrimental to its well-being.
“Tourismprovides a social and economic rationale for why the reef needs to be better protected,” Hughes said.
The situation has prompted the Cairns region to look more critically at its dependenceoninternational travelers, especially those from China, who make up a large portion of reef visitors. China and Australia are engaged in an increasingly bitter diplomatic tug of war that could keep Chinese travelers away even after the borders are reopened.
“We’re realizing that we can’t rely on China,” said SamanthaDavidson, a travel consultant at the Reef Info Visitor Center. “It’s good,” she added, because it’s sending amessage to those closer to home: “Hey, come and see us.”
As recent flare-ups of the coronavirushaveclosedstate borders within Australia, some people have taken the opportunity to explore their own (very large) backyards.
“Wewere supposed to be in Hawaii, but we said we still wanted to take a trip somewhere warm,” Alicia Dean said as she lounged in a sarong on the deck of a boat heading out to the reef.
She had traveled within the stateofQueenslandfrom Brisbane, the capital, to Cairns, more than 1,000 miles to the north.
And some foreigners, stranded in Australia, figured theymay as well take the time to experience the reef, aWorld Heritage Site.
“My flight keeps getting canceled,” Julia Pape, a 27-year-old from Germany, said as she donned her flippers and wet suit, ready to plunge into the tropical waters.
Tourists like Dean and Pape, however, don’t make up for the hundreds of thousands of missing international arrivals in the region, the throngs who help support the jobs of more than 60,000 people (more than those employed by Australia’s oil and gas industry). Experts have warned that even with a vaccine, it may be years before travel returns to pre-coronavirus levels.