Startup Dna

THROUGHOUT HIS CAREER, CRAIG VENTER HAS TRIED To CASH IN on HIS SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS, but WITH A DECIDEDLY MIXED TRACK RECORD.

Human Genome Sciences

Opening move: Founded in 1992, the company aimed to discover drugs based on Venter’s pioneering human genetics research at the Institute for Genomic Research.

endgame: Relationship fell apart in 1997 over constant arguments about rights; Venter says HGS blocked him from publishing his work. Human Genome Sciences was sold to Glaxosmithkline for $3 billion in 2012.

celera Genomics

Opening move: Venter cofounded Celera Genomics in 1998, the company that would sequence the human genome and the DNA code of the mouse and the fruit fly. A tracking stock, it was valued at $14 billion at its peak.

endgame: Venter was fired in 2002; firm lost most of its value before being sold to Quest Diagnostics for $344 million in 2011.

Synthetic Genomics

Opening move: Cofounded in 2005 with longtime Venter associate Hamilton Smith to work on creating synthetic life. Hitting major milestones, including creating a synthetic cell with a man-made genome in 2010.

endgame: Exxon Mobil said it would fund as much as $300 million worth of biofuels. Has a deal with Johnson & Johnson to develop new drugs.

Human longevity

Opening move: Cofounded in 2013 to understand how genetic differences lengthen or shorten people’s lives.

endgame: Launched a high-end physical, Health Nucleus, that is also a medical study. Has sequenced the genomes of 40,000 people.