Hartford Courant

Fraud, ineptitude underminin­g COVID-19 relief

- By Timothy L. O’Brien

Howeasy is it to steal federal funds meant for jobless Americans struggling to survive the COVID-19 economy? It’s this easy:

“Using huge databases of stolen personal informatio­n, cybercrimi­nals based everywhere from Nigeria to London have pocketed an estimated $8 billion meant for people forced out of work due to the coronaviru­s so far,” Katy Murphy and Rebecca Rainey wrote in Politico on Monday.

That’s probably just the tip of the iceberg. In an August report, the Labor Department’s inspector general said that at least $26 billion of the $260 billion in extra federal support Congress steered toward unemployed workers since last spring will get scooped up by scammers.

A reason worker aid is getting stolen, according to Murphy and Rainey’s reporting, is that state employment agencies charged with distributi­ng the funds locally are running outdated systems that aren’t very good at vetting aid applicatio­ns. Congress also permitted federal aid applicants to get funds without having to fully verify their identities. Fraudsters ahave found it easy to gin up names of phony employers, apply for funding, and make off with their loot before anyone is the wiser. While state agencies have caught some of these criminals, the unpreceden­ted volume of scams has allowed for lots of successful pickpocket­ing.

The Labor Department’s inspector general also pointed out another reason that Congress is at fault: In its well-intentione­d rush last spring to provide COVID19 relief — the most massive federal rescue program of the post-World War II era — federal legislator­s failed to give states adequate guidance about how to anticipate and combat fraud.

As lawmakers and the White House still struggle to get their arms around the scope and scale of another round of muchneeded federal relief for workers and their families, plugging holes in the system should be front of mind. A new agreement among Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell seems a long way off, but haphazard oversight of huge amounts of federal funding has scarred the effort ever since it was launched.

Remember all that Paycheck Protection Program funding that was meant to help small businesses but somehow found its way into the hands of publicly traded companies such as Shake Shack Inc., large operators such as McDonald’s franchisee­s, sports behemoths such as the Los Angeles Lakers and insiders in the federal government? How did that happen? Well, the federal apparatus that Mnuchin runs and which doles out the funds hasn’t been minding the store. It’s not much more complicate­d than that.

According to a recent Washington Post analysis of $4 trillion of CARES Act funding — a sum that exceeds the cost of the 18-year-old war in Afghanista­n — workers received only about $884 billion, or roughly one-fifth the total amount. Huge piles of money went to affluent Americans or companies that laid off the very workers the federal aid was meant to protect. A full accounting of how $670 billion in PPP funding was allocated hasn’t been completed, but as the Post noted, companies were not “compelled to use it to protect paychecks — and many didn’t.”

A Bloomberg News analysis in July noted that the applicatio­ns for some 4.9 million PPP loans that had been distribute­d at that point were riddled with perplexing, non-standardiz­ed responses that made it difficult to track how the money was allocated. Jobs numbers associated with at least 20% of the PPP loans were dubious.

It’s still not clear to me why the Treasury Department didn’t make direct PPP payments to workers rather than involve business owners, the SBA and banks as intermedia­ries. Every extra conduit in the process adds to its complexity and therefore to the possibilit­y of errors or fraud.

For example, JP Morgan Chase &

Co., one of the biggest banks involved in distributi­ng PPP funds to qualified recipients, recently disclosed that it’s investigat­ing whether some of its own employees may have illegally abetted schemes involving the misuse of the funds. In an internal memo, the bank said it has seen “instances of customers misusing Paycheck Protection Program loans, unemployme­nt benefits and other government programs” and that some “employees have fallen short, too.” Clearly, the process for distributi­ng aid needs to be more transparen­t and have more sophistica­ted oversight than it’s had so far.

At the very least, states need technology upgrades and federal resources to combat fraud. In an August report, the Labor Department’s inspector general recommende­d that one of the agency’s divisions, the Employment and Training Administra­tion, take four other steps: partner more closely with employers to monitor applicants’ qualificat­ions, provide better oversight, get more accurate estimates of the scale of improper payments, and require states to help detect fraud by providing access to unemployme­nt claims data.

These common-sense recommenda­tions will continue to be important if another big round of COVID-19 relief passes. States and the federal government have a responsibi­lity to make sure that expensive COVID-19 relief programs — funded by taxpayers — are protected.

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