Overwhelming evidence links NFL players, CTE
Researchers studying the link between football and chronic traumatic encephalopathy found that 99 percent of the brains donated by families of former NFL players showed signs of the neurodegenerative disease, according to a new study published Tuesday.
In all, researchers from Boston University School of Medicine and the VA Boston Healthcare System examined 202 brains that belonged to men who played football at all levels and were later donated for research. They found CTE in 177 of them — 87
percent.
They found evidence of the disease across all levels of play, but the highest percentage was found among those who competed at the highest level; all but one of the 111 brains belonging to former NFL players were diagnosed post-mortem with CTE.
“Obviously, this doesn’t represent the prevalence in the general population, but the fact that we’ve been able to gather this high a number of cases in such a short period of time says that this disease is not uncommon,” said neuropathologist Ann McKee, the researcher credited with some of the most high-profile CTE diagnoses. “In fact, I think it’s much more common than we currently realize.
“And more importantly, this is a problem in football that we need to address and we need to address now in order to bring some hope and optimism to football players.”
McKee cautions the study has limitations and doesn’t attempt to pinpoint a CTE rate.
The brains studied were mostly donated by concerned families, which means they weren’t random and not necessarily representative of all men who have played the game of football.
“A family is much more likely to donate if they’re concerned about their loved one — if they’re exhibiting symptoms or signs that are concerning them, or if they died accidentally or especially if they committed suicide,” she said. “It skews for accidental deaths, suicide and individuals with disabling or discomforting symptoms.”
The study isn’t focused on causality, but McKee says it provides “overwhelming circumstantial evidence that CTE is linked to football.”
The NFL pledged $100 million for concussionrelated research this past September — $60 million on technological development, with an emphasis on improving helmets, and $40 million earmarked for medical research — and in a statement a league spokesman expressed appreciation for the study.
“The medical and scientific communities will benefit from this publication and the NFL will continue to work with a wide range of experts to improve the health of current and former NFL athletes,” said NFL spokesman Brian McCarthy. “As noted by the authors, there are still many unanswered questions relating to the cause, incidence and prevalence of long-term effects of head trauma such as CTE. The NFL is committed to supporting scientific research into CTE and advancing progress in the prevention and treatment of head injuries.”
The study marks the largest chronic traumatic encephalopathy case series published.
The research was drawn from a brain bank established and maintained by the VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine and the Concussion Legacy Foundation.