Texas refuses to fund migrant students
Wave of minors raises questions about state’s duty to children
Texas school districts and charter school groups cannot use state funding to provide teachers and other resources to schoolaged children housed in migrant shelters, the Texas Education Agency said, throwing into question whether states have a role in educating minors who cross the border illegally.
Officials with Southwest Key, one of the largest nonprofits operating shelters for migrant children in Texas, said the agency’s stance jeopardizes partnerships the shelters have formed with at least two traditional school districts, one of which began in 2013.
Prior to the TEA letter sent to the Promesa Public Schools on Aug. 21, the Harlingen Consolidated Independent School District had received about five years of state funding to place one teacher and one paraprofessional in a Southwest Key shelter located within their bound-
This year, the Associated Press reported San Benito CISD sent 18 of its teachers and technological resources to Southwest Key’s Casa Padre shelter, hoping to receive an additional $2.8 million in state funding by including the shelter’s students in its enrollment numbers.
Salvador Cavazos, vice president for education services for Southwest Key, said the shelter group has nixed its agreement with San Benito CISD, meaning all 18 teachers will leave the shelter. Cavazos is working with Harlingen CISD to work out a possible costsharing arrangement.
Cavazos said most of the students at his group’s shelters eventually will transfer to traditional or charter schools once they are released to family members and await asylum or immigration hearings. Partnerships with education groups would have helped ease that transition, he said.
“I think the ones that ultimately are affected adversely are the youth that are in the shelters,” Cavazos said. “Because we’re in a partnership, we would have been able to provide additional resources, partner with credit-bearing institutions, provide grades and help them achieve credits to go to other public schools.”
High number of kids
The TEA’s decision comes after President Donald Trump’s administration separated families under a “zero tolerance” policy for migrants who cross the border illegally. Parents served brief prison time for the misdemeanor before being transferred to immigration detention and their children were placed in federal shelters for unaccompanied minors.
Facing widespread condemnation, Trump rescinded the policy in June, but reuniting parents with their children has proved difficult and nearly 600 children remain separated from their parents and in federal shelters.
That has added to an already high number of unaccompanied children in shelters, an influx that began in 2013 as many came here escaping violence and poverty in Central America. Between October and July, more than 41,300 children have come here alone, according to federal statistics, and usually stay in government shelters for about a month before many are released to family members here. Some can stay for longer if they do not have relatives here or the government decides it is not in their best interest to release them.
The wave of minors across the southern border has raised questions about what role, if any, states should play in educating those children. In a statement, the TEA said that responsibility falls squarely on the shoulders of the federal government. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement mandates school-aged children housed in shelters must have their educational needs assessed within three days of arrival, receive six hours of structured instruction on weekdays and receive special education services if they are eligible.
While the TEA said schools still could voluntarily provide help to shelters, school leaders across the state say their schools have been dealing with declining state funding for years, circumstances that make it infeasible to pay to provide services to students who are not technically enrolled in their districts.
Cavazos said Southwest Key and other shelters already provide education services to schoolaged children in their care. At the shelters he oversees, students receive six hours of instruction during weekdays. The classes are selfpaced, and Cavazos said the teachers who work with migrant students all hold bachelor degrees.
‘A detestable lie’
Michael A. Olivas, who teaches immigration and education law at the University of Houston, said the services provided by Southwest Key alone are inadequate to meet students’ needs.
“It is a detestable lie that they’re being educated. They have some books, they have some adults who are not always certified teachers, but they’re not offering real classes,” Olivas said. “Would you put your kid in a class like that, that is self-paced with no certified teachers?”
Cavazos disagreed. He said that as a former teacher, principal and superintendent — including at Goose Creek CISD in Greater Houston — he knows what a good education looks like and has seen excellent teaching in Southwest Key’s shelters.
“We have to remember the structure of how these young people enter the country and end up in a shelter. It is the structure that is in place in the U.S. It isn’t an option for them to go to a public school,” Cavazos said. “I’m not sure it’s such a good thing for them to go into regular high school and middle school, with the trauma they’ve experienced by being in country unaccomparent nied, without wraparound services.”
State officials reviewed their policies after Promesa Public Schools, a charter school group originally founded by Southwest Key under another name before operating as its own entity, asked the TEA for permission to create an expansion of one of its campuses located in Brownsville “to serve immigrant students in federal detention in grades prekindergarten through twelve.”
The TEA denied that request last Tuesday, writing: “local educational agencies that wish to provide services to unaccompanied alien children in federal custody may do so on a contractual or tuition fee basis but may not do so with state education funding. The legal obligation to provide educational services to children in federal detention lies with the federal government.”
The agency also cited Promesa’s 2018 accountability rating, in which the charter school district received a “D” letter grade. Promesa Superintendent Jaime Huerta said the district is working to appeal that grade, in part because the ratings did not measure graduation rates because its graduating class was too small and that each of the district’s campuses met the state’s academic standards individually.
“As other educators in Texas have already expressed, the curary.
Educates 200 children
San Antonio-based Braination, formerly known as the John H. Wood Jr. charter school district, contracts directly with ICE’s detention center in Karnes City to educate about 200 children there, said the charter organization’s superintendent, Bruce Rockstroh. The school, the Karnes County International School, receives no state funding, Rockstroh said. It opened four years ago, shortly after the facility itself did.
The school serves children from kindergarten through 12th grade, usually with 8 to 10 children in each class supervised by state-certified teachers and aides, Rockstroh said. The classrooms have smartboards and computers, he said. The school day starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 4 p.m., with recess, physical education and a half-hour for lunch.
“It’s really a great school program and we have very experienced teachers,” Rockstroh said. “I’m proud to be there and I’m proud to be educating those kids.”
Most of the students are at the facility for less than a week, Rockstroh said.
“Our goal is to acclimate the kids to American education,” he said. “Some of these kids have never been in school or have been in very poor schools.”
Told of the TEA’s letter, Rockstroh said, “Wow.”
“If these kids showed up in a foster group home and they took them to school, of course the school district would take them in and they would pay for it. … I feel a lawsuit coming.” system of grading schools and districts — like Promesa Public Schools — is skewed against schools which serve the state’s poorest and most disadvantaged students,” Huerta said. “The rating does not reflect the work of our staff nor the achievements of our students.”
Had the charter group been able to expand and partner with Southwest Key, Huerta said the school would have provided counseling services, trauma-informed care practices, general curriculum requirements and more capabilities to serve Englishlanguage learners and students with special education needs.