India decriminalizes homosexual acts in landmark verdict
NEW DELHI (AP) — India’s Supreme Court on Thursday struck down a colonial-era law that made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison, a landmark victory for gay rights that one judge said would “pave the way for a better future.”
The 1861 law, a relic of Victorian England that hung on long after the end of British colonialism, was a weapon used to discriminate against India’s gay community, the judges ruled in a unanimous decision.
“Constitutional morality cannot be martyred at the altar of social morality,” Chief Justice Dipak Misra said, reading the verdict. “Social morality cannot be used to violate the fundamental rights of even a single individual.”
As the news spread, the streets outside the courthouse erupted in cheers as opponents of the law danced and waved flags.
“We feel as equal citizens now,” said activist Shashi Bhushan. “What happens in our bedroom is left to us.”
In its ruling, the court said sexual orientation was a “biological phenomenon” and that discrimination on that basis violated fundamental rights.
“We cannot change history but can pave a way for a better future,” said Justice D.Y. Chandrachud.
The law known as Section 377 held that intercourse between members of the same sex was against the order of nature. The five petitioners who challenged the law said it was discriminatory and led to gays living in fear of harassment and persecution.
Jessica Stern, the executive director of the New York-based rights group OutRight Action International, said the original law had reverberated far beyond India, including in countries where gay people still struggle for acceptance.
“The sodomy law that became the model everywhere, from Uganda to Singapore to the U.K. itself, premiered in India, becoming the confusing and dehumanizing standard replicated around the world,” she said in a statement, saying “today’s historic outcome will reverberate across India and the world.”
The court’s ruling struck down the law’s sections on consensual gay sex, but let stand segments that deal with such issues as bestiality.
Homosexuality has a tangled history in India, and some of Hinduism’s most ancient texts are accepting of gay sex. But same-sex couples have also been harassed for centuries in many Indian communities, whether Hindu, Muslim or Christian.
Transgendered people known as “hijras,” for example, have long been a common sight in India. But their treatment — both shunned as impure, and embraced for the belief that they can bring powerful blessings — reflects the complexities of gay life here.
Homosexuality has gained a degree of acceptance in deeply conservative India over the past decade, particularly in big cities.
JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Ahead of its first anniversary, the Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa says it is committed to transparency after the director’s resignation and questions about governance.
The museum, which seeks to elevate international awareness about African artists, will participate in “many public conversations” and publish an annual report in November, said Brooke Minto, one of its leaders. She previously worked at art museums in New York City, New Orleans and Miami.
While the museum has work to do, Minto said in Johannesburg, it is “outpacing expectations” and drew 350,000 visitors in its first year. About 100,000 visited for free in a program to involve local communities, a sensitive issue on a continent where deep poverty can make art seem like a hobby of the elite.
The museum billed itself as a major showcase for art from Africa and its diaspora, an alternative to the big Western art fairs and galleries that offered the best chances of international success. Former archbishop Desmond Tutu attended the festive opening on Sept. 22, 2017.